| Since the Biden administration took office in 2021,with the deepening of the fourth scientific and technological revolution process and the continuous development of the strategic game with major powers,the scientific and technological(S&T)competition between China and the US has entered a new stage.Looking back at history,it is not difficult to find that the S&T Competition Strategy of the US towards China under the Trump administration has changed significantly compared with that under the Obama administration,while the current Biden administration’s S&T Competition Strategy towards China shows continuity compared with that under the Trump administration.This paper first sorts out the S&T Competition Strategy of three US administrations towards China from Obama to Biden according to the three levels of strategic purpose,strategic means and strategic posture towards China.In terms of strategic purpose,the three administrations are all engaged in maintaining the US leadership in S&T.In terms of strategic means,the Obama administration adopted competition and cooperation,the Trump administration significantly changed to comprehensive restrictions,and the Biden administration adjusts to both competition and restrictions.In terms of the strategic posture towards China,the Obama administration is in the posture of engagement,the Trump administration is in the posture of containment,and the Biden administration is in the posture of balance.This paper makes reference to the existing neoclassical realist theory and constructs a model to analyze this evolution.In this model,the strength of threat signals is taken as the independent variable at the system level,the Fourth S&T Revolution is taken as the structural moderating factor,and the four factors of Leader Intention,Strategic Culture,State-Society Relationship and Domestic System are taken as the mediating variables at the unit level to examine the intervention effects in the links of Threat Perception and National Consistency within a country.The conclusion of this paper is that at the level of strategic purpose,the role of hegemonic thinking in Strategic Culture makes the three governments maintain the same strategic purpose.At the level of strategic means,the change of threat signal strength as an independent variable at the system level and the trend of technological nationalism that emerged and continued in the Trump period are the main reasons for the sharp change of means of the Trump administration compared with that of the Obama administration,and the Biden administration tends to revise the Trump administration.At the level of strategic posture towards China,under the condition of low system threat signal intensity during the Obama administration,the threat perception of government leaders at the unit level existed but was not strong,and the national consistency in cooperation with China was high,which made the Obama administration adopt the strategic posture of engagement with China in the field of S&T;During the Trump administration,under the condition of high system threat signal strength,government leaders at the unit level had a strong threat perception,and there was a high degree of national consistency in being tough on China,so the US adopted the strategic posture of containment;During the Biden administration,under the condition of high system threat signal intensity,government leaders’ threat perception at the unit level is still strong,but the national consistency in being tough on China has been reduced,which makes current US slightly relaxed compared with the previous administration,reflecting the strategic situation of balances.The S&T Competition Strategy of the US will lead to the fragmentation of the global S&T value chain,the amplification of the negative effect of S&T security issues,and the obstruction of global technology cooperation.When dealing with the S&T competition with the US,China should analyze and learn from the operation mode of the S&T Competition Strategy of the US,be alert to the value weapon used by the Biden administration in the S&T competition with China and seek cooperation through competition,adhere to independent innovation and development,give full play to its own advantages,and enhance the core S&T competitiveness to put pressure on the US domestic to promote cooperation. |
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