A Study On The Influence Of The Birth Security Policy On The Fertility Desire

Since the implementation of the family planning policy in my country,the birth policy of fewer births and better births has effectively alleviated the drawbacks brought about by the rapid population growth.But it has also made our country gradually enter the ranks of low-fertility countries.In 2021,my country’s new population has dropped to 10.62 million,and the natural population growth rate is only 0.34‰,which has caused serious population and social problems.In order to cope with population problems such as an aging population structure,continued decline in fertility rate,gender imbalance,lack of labor force,fading population welfare,and increasing social and economic pressure,my country has gradually liberalized the fertility policy since2013;Two-child alone to the universal two-child policy in 2016 to the current "three-child" policy.However,the implementation of these series of policies has not been effective.The main reason is that the guarantee mechanism of the maternity policy is not perfect.Childbirth brings financial burdens and distractions from work.With the development of society,people’s concept of fertility is also constantly changing.Prenatal and postnatal care has long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.The maternity security policy affects the fertility willingness of the population of childbearing age from the aspects of economic support,time support and employment support.Taking Chongqing City as an example,this paper analyzes the current situation of fertility desire of the population of childbearing age by issuing questionnaires and inviting interviews,the results showed that the older the age,the higher the educational background,the more children,the lower the fertility desire of the population of childbearing age.Secondly,from the aspects of Female Employment,maternity allowance,Maternity Medical Insurance,maternity leave and 0 ～ 3-year-old child care,the factors affecting the fertility desire of the population of childbearing age are analyzed with the help of qualitative interview and questionnaire data,the results showed that the child-bearing age population was less satisfied with the policy of child-care Service from 0 to 3 years old,improving the satisfaction degree of the child-bearing age population to the policy of the child-bearing Care Service of 0 ～ 3years old can effectively promote the child-bearing age populations desire,the child-bearing age population is relatively satisfied with the policy of the maternity leave,the increase of the satisfaction degree will be beneficial to the child-bearing age populations desire promotion;The degree of satisfaction of the population of childbearing age with the policy of maternity medical insurance is relatively low,and raising the degree of satisfaction of the population of childbearing age with the policy of maternity medical insurance can be beneficial to raising the fertility desire of the population of childbearing age;the population of childbearing age is relatively dissatisfied with the policy of allowance,raising the satisfaction level of the population of childbearing age with the subsidy policy will be conducive to the promotion of the desire to bear children;at present,the population of childbearing age is less satisfied with the existing employment security policy for women,through the analysis,it is concluded that the improvement of the satisfaction degree of the female employment security policy is beneficial to the improvement of the reproductive desire of the population of childbearing age.Therefore,in order to avoid the problem of the weak fertility desire of the population of childbearing age caused by the satisfaction factor of the fertility policy,based on the unsatisfactory factors obtained from interviews and questionnaires,and combined with the relevant foreign experiences,to speed up the construction of community childcare service policy,improve the subsidy policy to ensure the healthy development of the maternity fund,improve the womens employment security policy,improve the relevant laws and regulations and other fertility policy improvement proposals,with a view to improving the policy of maternity security,to improve the fertility desire of the population of childbearing age,and thus to promote fertility,to avoid the current population problems caused by social problems.