| Actively Coping with Population Aging has become an important strategic task of the country during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.By the end of 2021,our country elderly population aged 65 and over has increased by 9.92 million compared with the end of 2020,an increase of 0.7 percentage points.The characteristics of the aging society are further highlighted,which is reflected in the further expansion of the demand for elderly care services,which also requires more labor supply for elderly care services.Existing studies have shown that elderly care services are special.They are non-exclusive,partially competitive and external quasi-public goods.Development not only requires market regulation to achieve a balance between product supply and demand,but also requires government policies to optimize resource allocation.Based on this,the supply of elderly service labor needs to be better allocated under the government’s combined policies,and policy instrument are just the bridge between problems and policy goals.Using government combined policy instrument to study the supply of elderly service labor will greatly to improve the efficiency of the achievement of policy objectives.From an aging society to an aging society,after more than ten years of development,the state and local governments have continuously adjusted their policy orientations according to the needs of the times to actively respond to population aging.In 2020,the proportion of the elderly population aged 65 and above has reached 14.2 % in Kaifeng,which is one year ahead of the national overall level.Therefore,it is representative to study Kaifeng.This paper takes the policy instrument for the supply of pension service labor force as the research object in Kaifeng,takes literature analysis,survey analysis and empirical analysis as the main research methods,and takes the policy text of the supply of pension service labor force as the basis in Kaifeng.It focuses on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of the use of policy instrument for the supply of pension service labor force in Kaifeng,aiming at establishing an interpretive logical relationship between problems,instrument and objectives,and evaluating and guiding the selection of policy instrument in practice.In the specific analysis,first of all,according to the survey data,this paper discusses the current situation of the supply of elderly service labor in Kaifeng,and then studies the relevant policy texts.Based on the classification method of policy instrument by Howlett and Ramesh,and referring to the category setting of policy instrument by Zhu Chunkui,this paper divides the policy instrument of the supply of labor force for the elderly in Kaifeng into three categories : voluntary policy instrument,mixed policy instrument and compulsory policy instrument,so as to study the current situation,implementation effect and existing problems of the use of policy instrument.Then,the causes of the problems in the use of policy instrument are analyzed,and it is concluded that the experience dependence of policy problem definition,the institutional constraints of marketization level and the path dependence of policy tool selection are the key factors.Finally,based on the policy tool theory and the life cycle theory of labor supply,it is proposed that the policy instrument for the supply of labor force in Kaifeng ’ s pension service can be optimized from the following three aspects.First,the subjective function of voluntary policy instrument can be played.Second,the structural efficiency of mixed policy instrument can be optimized.Third,the overall efficiency of mandatory policy instrument can be improved.Through the research of this paper,it is expected to enrich the knowledge increment of the supply of pension service labor,provide theoretical guidance for the adjustment and improvement of pension service policy in the aging society,and provide experience for solving the problem of insufficient pension service labor. |
