| In order to cope with and solve the real problems of labour shortage and increased fiscal burden on governments,the ageing of the population has brought about a global labour shortage,policymakers around the world are trying to develop older human resources and ensure the sustainability of social security programs by reforming pension systems to ensure an increase in the working life of individual.Our government is also more and more keen to improve the labor participation rate of middle-aged and elderly people,the policy focus is on the retirement age delay,consider how to promote the employment of the middle-aged and elderly group.In today's society,the increasing labour participation rate of young women has led to the transfer of responsibility for their childcare to the children's(outside)grandparents,making intergenerational care very common.In the context of population aging,the trend of the middle-aged and elderly population themselves to be cared for is increasing,at the same time,the trend of grandparents to take responsibility for the care of grandchildren is also growing,in these two major and potentially contradictory common trends,there are few studies to explore the impact of grandparents providing intergenerational care on their own labor supply.Chinese scholars have done a lot of research on labor supply,but it is very limited to discuss it from the perspective of intergenerational care.Under the condition of "not rich first old" in our country,the current retirement system in our country is obviously not suitable for the national development needs,and it is of profound practical significance to integrate intergenerational care into the policy reform and evaluation.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of grandparents' intergenerational care on their own labor supply,and to provide further policy recommendations for the implementation of intergenerational care systems and delayed retirement policies.Based on the tracking survey data of 2011,2013 and 2015 of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),this paper bases the theory of role,active aging theory and life cycle theory of labor supply.Based on the analysis of the current labor supply and the current situation of intergenerational care in China,using Probit model and Tobit model and tool variable methods,the effect of intergenerational care on the weekly working hours of middle-aged and elderly people is analyzed on the basis of examining the effect of care behavior on the labor participation rate of middle-aged and elderly people.The main conclusion of this paper is:(1)providing intergenerational care for grandchildren will significantly reduce the probability of labor participation of the elderly in the town,and there is a "threshold effect",when the intensity of care increases to 10 hours or more per week,the "substitution effect" is greater than the "income effect",and the intergenerational care activities are negatively correlated with labor participation decision-making.(2)Intergenerational care activities will significantly reduce the working week of the elderly in urban areas,and with the increase in the intensity of care significantly reduced.(3)The influence of intergenerational care activities on the elderly in urban areas is heterogeneous in terms of living arrangements and the competitiveness of the labor force itself.According to the conclusion of this paper,it is suggested that the employment structure of the middle-aged and elderly population should be improved,and the employment system of the middle-aged and elderly groups should also be improved,the supply of infant and young child care resources should be increased and the need for intergenerational care should be reduced,the intergenerational care system should be integrated into the child care service system under 3 years of age,policy formulation should be taken into account gender differences and guarantees the right of middle-aged and elderly groups to choose from themselves. |
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