| In this era of changing life and shaping the future with technology,science and technology plays a vital role in promoting the progress of human civilization and the development of productivity.Science and technology policy is the sum of all kinds of guiding ideology and strategic guidelines of the government to promote the development of science and technology,enhance the innovation potential,improve the comprehensive strength of the country and achieve long-term development goals.As an important institutional arrangement to guide,support and adjust science and technology activities,it is undoubtedly one of the most important factors related to the development of science and technology.The key to ensure the effective implementation of science and technology policy is to choose the appropriate policy tools.Therefore,from the perspective of policy tools,it is very necessary to analyze the changes and internal logic of science and technology policy tools for promoting science and technology policy to take root.After decades of development of science and technology policy in China,what changes have taken place in policy tools and what is the internal logic of the changes?It is of great significance to explore this issue to improve the effectiveness of China’s science and technology policy.In order to answer the above questions,356 National Science and technology policy texts from the website of the Ministry of science and technology and the magic weapon of Peking University have been taken as research materials,with policy tool theory and policy network theory as the theoretical starting point,and policy bibliometrics and social network analysis as research methods.Firstly,on the basis of reviewing and combing the text of China’s science and technology policy since the reform and opening up,this paper makes a clear description from the two aspects of text quantity and text subject,so as to find out the overall situation of China’s science and technology policy.The statistical results show that,from the number of published papers,science and technology policy presents an increasing trend year by year.From the subject matter of the text,there are mainly three themes:Notice,opinion and method.Secondly,according to Rothwell’s and zegveld’s classification of policy tools,we divide the science and technology policy tools into environmental policy instruments,supply oriented policy instruments and demand oriented policy instruments,and use Nvivo software to code the policy text,and present the quantity distribution characteristics and historical change process of China’s science and technology policy tools through the method of policy bibliometrics.In order to explore the internal logic of the change of policy tools,this study extracts the main body of the policy text as the actors in the policy network,constructs the relationship matrix of the actors in the science and technology policy network,and uses UCINET software to analyze the social network,and calculates the network scale,network density and centrality.According to roots’ classification of policy network,this paper combs the changes of China’s science and technology policy network in different stages,and explains the logic of the change of science and technology policy tools.Finally,through the correlation analysis,the relationship between policy network and policy tool change is verified.Through the analysis,this study draws the following conclusions:1.Among them,environmental policy tools are overused,followed by supply policy tools,and demand policy tools are seriously absent.2.The change of policy instruments is gradual,and the change process is relatively smooth.China’s science and technology policy has experienced a historical change process in which the environmental policy tools are the first and continue to dominate,the environmental and supply policy tools tend to be balanced,and the demand policy tools are initially started.The collocation and combination of different types of policy tools are developing towards constant balance,but the change trend is relatively slow and there is no big fluctuation.3.The essence of the change of policy tools is the change of policy network.With the continuous expansion of policy network scale,the continuous improvement of network density and the increasing influence of network members,a diversified governance pattern has been gradually formed from the dominance of a single policy subject,and the diversity of policy tools has been increasing,which promotes the change of policy tool combination in the direction of constant standardization and scientization.4.There are three logics in the change of policy instruments,from the government led to multi governance in the policy concept,from upward concentration to outward diffusion in the power structure,and from command control to strategic interaction in the policy process.Therefore,on the one hand,we should improve the use frequency of supply-oriented and demand-oriented policy tools and optimize the use structure of policy tools;on the other hand,we should improve the network structure of science and technology policy and build a governance pattern of multiple subjects.To a certain extent,this study can promote the further improvement of China’s science and technology policy system,and further improve the level of scientific policy. |
