The Effects Of Nudge Video On Bullying Reporting Intention And Behavior Among Middle School Students:A Wise Intervention

In recent years,a large number of school bullying cases exposed by the media have become a focus of discussion and caused social anxiety.“Bullying is a nightmare of silence.”On the one hand,victims of bullying often remain silent after being bullied;On the other hand,Bystanders of bullying,do little to protect the victim.As a result,a large number of bullying cases went undetected in the initial stage,and even more vicious,which brought great difficulties to campus safety and subsequent education and guidance.In order to encourage bullying victims and bystanders to take the“critical step”,based on the psychological theory of normative identification and behavior change,this study aims to encourage and guide adolescents to improve their intention and behavior to report bullying through a new intervention technology--nudge video wise intervention.This study focuses on the effects of nudge video wise intervention on middle school students’intention and reporting behavior of bullying.Although current studies have focused on the positive effect of intervention to reduce bullying,there are still some shortcomings:First,most of these studies are complicated procedures,which spend a lot of time and energy,such an intervention model is not conductive to the large-scale promotion;Secondly,few studies have explored the mediating mechanisms of nudge video wise intervention.Finally,few studies have examined the heterogeneity of nudge video intervention,that is,the moderating mechanisms.In order to make up for the aforementioned gaps,this study examined three research questions on the basis of intervention:（a）whether nudge video wise intervention is effective,that is,whether the intervention can significantly promote the intention and behavior of adolescents to report bullying four weeks later;（b）how of nudge video wise intervention is effective,that is,whether nudge video wise intervention can affect bullying reporting intention and behavior through bullying reporting channels,bullying reporting concerns and bullying reporting norms;and（c）for whom the nudge video wise intervention is effective,to test whether belief in a just world,family function and school climate can moderate the intervention effect.A randomized controlled trial was conducted to test the research questions.A total of 376 adolescents(54.3%male and 45.7%female,M_age=13.39 years,SD=0.35)were selected from a public middle school in Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province by cluster random sampling.The intervention was carried out at the beginning of fall semester in2022.The intervention consisted of five stages:open-ended survey,pre-test,nudge video wise intervention,moderators,post-test of mediators and post-test of outcomes,which lasted about three months.Specifically,open-ended survey refers to obtaining information related to bullying reporting from middle school students in the form of literature review and face-to-face interview,so as to make intervention video materials.Complete the baseline measurements of all variables before the intervention.Participants were divided into intervention condition and active control condition.Participants in the intervention condition were assigned to watch videos of the intervention condition,while participants in the control condition were assigned to watch videos of the control condition.Mediation variables were collected after the intervention and outcome variables were collected four weeks after the intervention.The result of the manipulation check indicated that the manipulation was effective.Compared with the active control condition,adolescents in the intervention condition had a better understanding of the channels to report bullying,reduced their concerns about bullying reporting,and agreed that bullying reporting was in line with social norms.The primary analyses showed that in study question（a）,the intervention significantly increased one’s own intention and behavior to report bullying four weeks later when experiencing bullying.In question（b）,knowledge of the channels to reporting bullying mediated between the intervention and one’s own reporting behavior when experiencing bullying,between the intervention and one’s own intention to report bullying,between the intervention and one’s own reporting behavior when witnessing bullying as a bystander,and between the intervention and one’s own reporting intention when witnessing bullying as a bystander;The reduction of concerns about bullying reporting was a mediator between intervention and one’s own intention to report bullying,and between intervention and one’s own reporting intention when witnessing bullying as a bystander.Other mediating pathways were not significant.In question（c）,belief in a just world had a significant moderating effect between intervention and reporting behavior when one experienced bullying,between the channel of bullying reporting and reporting behavior when one experienced bullying,and between reporting channel and reporting behavior when witnessing bullying as a bystander.Other moderating pathways were not significant.This study focuses on campus safety,adopts innovative intervention methods.It is an innovative and challenging attempt,which not only opens up a new intervention angle and form for the intervention of school bullying,but also provides important guidance for the prevention and intervention of school bullying.The results of this study suggest that we are not powerless in the face of bullying and that nudge video interventions may be a novel and promising approach.In addition,by reflecting on and summarizing the reasons why some results are not significant,this study also provides the directions for future research to improve.