| On March 10,1943,the CPC Cultural Commission and the Central Organization Department jointly held the party’s literature and artists conference to call on the literary and art workers to go to the countryside.Since then,The Movement of Sending Literature and Arts go to countryside started.The movement is the practice of Mao Zedong’s speech on Yan’an symposium.Therefore,a comprehensive and detailed research on this movement can open a new aspect for understanding the revolutionary literary and artistic construction and intellectual transformation of the liberated areas.Intellectuals go to the countryside in the history of modern Chinese literature.During the "May 4th" period,a group of young intellectuals made a call for "going to the people",but they had little effect due to their too romantic imagination and top-down enlightenment.In the 1930 s,in order to promote the construction of the proletarian revolutionary literature,the "Chinese Leftist Writers League" had called on revolutionary intellectuals to go to the countryside to contact workers and peasants.But the call to the countryside has not been effective.The Movement of Sending Literature and Arts was carried out the experience of going to the countryside in the history of modern Chinese literature.There are also realistic considerations that the CCP launched this movement.Since the Chinese Communist Party entered Yan’an,a large number of literary and art workers came from the Kuomintang District to the liberated areas.These literati from the "pavilion" were incompatible with the revolutionary literary and artistic construction of the liberated area.In order to rectify the noisy Yan’an literary and art circles,the CCP decided to send literary and art worker to countryside.In addition,at the Yan’an Literature and Art Symposium,Mao Zedong’s "Speech" provided the theoretical guidance for literary and artists to go to the countryside.The biggest difference between the "Literature and Art Going to the Countryside" movement in the liberated areas and scattered activities of Yan’an writers and artists to go to the countryside before is that it preset the way for writers and artists to work in the countryside in order to achieve the goal of transforming writers and artists.At the "Party’s Literary and Artistic Workers" meeting,Kai Feng,Vice Minister of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee,put forward a request to literary and artistic workers to "go deep into the countryside" in view of the "guest" problem existing in the previous movement to the countryside.In addition,Gu Yuan’s experience of "going to the countryside" in Nianzhuang,a young woodcarver,demonstrated the unity of policy implementation,work creation and daily work,and was thus set up as a demonstration road of "going to the countryside with literature and art" in the liberated areas.Along the Gu Yuan’s experience and the requirements of the Party,the writers and artists in the liberated areas either went to the countryside with literary and artistic groups for publicity and performance,or worked in the countryside as individuals.When performing "going to the countryside",the literary and artistic group incorporated every activity in the countryside into the local revolutionary work.Through a series of detailed arrangements aimed at driving farmers’ emotions,the literary and artistic group infiltrated the abstract revolutionary political consciousness into the countryside.Individuals usually go to the countryside as grassroots cadres.Writers such as Ding Ling,Zhou Libo,Gu Yuan,Kong Jue and others have successively gone to the countryside in Chuankou District and Liulin District of Yan’an,which constitutes the "Yan’an experience" of writers going to the countryside.The "Yanxian experience" shows that it is not easy for writers to break the "guest" mentality and "go deep into the countryside".The movement requires literary and art workers to overcome the "guest" psychology in the countryside and go deep into the countryside.In order to become the self of farmers,the writers went to the countryside to win the acceptance and recognition of farmers through joint labor;eating and accommodation in the hometown,and established a deep emotional connection with the peasants with daily life;they also helped farmers as grass-roots cadres to help farmers understand policies and deal with affairs.The construction of the identity of the "own person" is not only the transformation of the writer,but also the process of awakening the awareness of the peasant revolutionary subject.In addition,the reconstruction of the writer’s ideological understanding and emotional attitude into the countryside will also reflect into the creation.Taking Ding Ling as an example,the experience of going to the countryside allowed her to discover the rural landscape again and shape the image of a new peasant with a new revolutionary subject.While the movement promotes the combination of artists and workers,peasants and soldiers,it also faces the dilemma of reality and ideals.All in all,the Movement of SLA to the countryside in the liberated areas is not only a literary movement,but also an important part of revolutionary politics.This also makes "literary and artistic go to the countryside" different from the practice of the countryside in modern literature in China and becoming a unique experience in the liberated area. |
