An Experimental Study On The Intonation Of Declarative And Interrogative Sentences Among Chinese Learners In Tajikista

Intonation constitutes a crucial means of conveying emotions and attitudes.As a tonal language,Chinese presents a complex intonation pattern with rising and falling tones,which poses difficulties for Chinese language learners.Based on the research framework of intonation pattern,this paper investigates the acquisition characteristics of declarative and interrogative sentences of Tajik Chinese learners and examines the reasons for the formation of "foreign accent" by using a combination of experimental phonology,mathematical and statistical methods,and visualization methods,using native Chinese speakers as a reference.This paper uses quantitative analysis to analyze the similarities and differences between Tajikistani speakers and native Chinese speakers in terms of pitch,length,and intensity of Chinese declarative and interrogative intonation,and summarizes the acquisition characteristics of Tajikistani learners in terms of pitch undulation,duration rate,and volume ratio of Chinese declarative and interrogative intonation;and uses native Chinese speakers as a reference to investigate the differences between native Chinese speakers and Tajikistani speakers in terms of rhyme matching.The study also investigated the correlation between the three parameters,i.e.,pitch undulation,duration rate and volume ratio,and the interpersonal correlation within the same parameter between native Chinese speakers and Tajik speakers,in order to measure the naturalness and fluency of intonation pronunciation.At the same time,visualization is used to present the specific differences between the two groups in terms of declarative and interrogative sentences in each tone.A linear fit of the intonation trends was conducted for the yinping,yangping,shangsheng and qusheng sentences to reflect the changes of the fundamental frequencies in the time domain;finally,the error analysis and the questionnaire survey were integrated to investigate the causes of bias among Tajik learners of Chinese from three aspects: the characteristics of native intonation,the phonological arrangement of teaching materials,and the teaching of intonation in the classroom,and to propose corresponding teaching countermeasures.The study found that for general declarative and interrogative sentences,the tonal range of Tajik speakers is narrower than that of native Chinese speakers,and the pitch span is generally smaller than that of native Chinese speakers.The pitch and intensity changes at the rhyme boundaries were consistent with those of native speakers in only one or two places.The results of the rhyme matching showed that the Chinese native speakers showed strong consistency in terms of pitch undulation,duration rate,and volume ratio,and there was a coherent relationship between the three parameters,while the Tajik speakers showed weaker consistency within themselves,and the correlation between the three parameters was low,but the overall trend was closer to that of the Chinese native speakers.The results of fitting the pitch trend of intonation showed that the experimental sentences of different tones of Tajik pronouncers differed from those of Chinese native speakers in terms of the degree of similarity,among which the differences were smaller for yinping,shangsheng and qusheng sentences and larger for yangping sentences.In the end,this paper,combined with the questionnaire survey results,analyzes the intonation acquisition of Tajik students sequentially in three aspects,learners,teachers and textbooks and proposes corresponding teaching suggestions.