Investigation On ’Er-Hua’ Of JiMo Dialect

Jimo dialect belongs to Qinglai piece of Jiaoliao Mandarin.At present,there have been many studies on Jiaoliao Mandarin in academic circles,but there are not many special studies on Jimo dialect,and even fewer studies on “Er-Hua” of Jimo dialect.Based on the first-hand data of field investigation,this paper describes the Er-Hua of the young and old groups of Jimo dialect in detail with the aid of some acoustic experiments,and compares the Er-Hua of Jimo dialect with that of surrounding dialects.On this basis,this paper probes into the causes of Er-Hua of Jimo dialect,and predicts its development trend.According to the investigation,the Er-Hua of Jimo dialect is very characteristic.In terms of pronunciation,besides the Er-Hua of rolling tongue similar to Putonghua,there are also have other types of Er-Hua,such as increasing flap,losing medial and changing initial consonants.The increasing flap type and the medial losing type mainly occur in the syllables with medial-i and medial-y.The change of initial consonants includes the conversion between the initial consonants and the addition of the flap after the initial consonants.The conversion of initial consonants mainly occurs in the lamino-alveolars [t(?),t(?)~h,(?)],the lingua-palatal phonemes[t(?),t(?)~h,(?)],the lateral sounds [l] and the zero initial consonants.The increase of flap after initial consonants mainly occurs after [t,t~h,n,tθ,tθ~h,θ ]and zero consonants.In terms of vocabulary,the Er-Hua words in Jimo dialect are very rich,involving a wide range of word class,among which nouns and verbs occupy the vast majority,and the number of syllables of Er-Hua words ranges from one to five,among which disyllabic Er-Hua words account for the highest proportion.Both the young and old groups have the functions of forming words,distinguishing classes of speech,changing the meaning of words,expressing the additional meaning of words,etc.However,in terms of the number of Er-Hua words used,the words used by the young groups are less than that of the old groups.In addition,we also compare Jimo dialect with its surrounding dialects(Qingdao City,Chengyang,Laixi,Pingdu,Jiaozhou and Jiaonan),and find that this special phenomenon of Jimo dialect does not exist in isolation,but has the same type of phenomenon in its surrounding areas,although there are some differences in specific types.Finally,we discuss the causes of Jimo dialect and predict the development trend of Jimo dialect.The causes are mainly discussed from synchronic and diachronic aspects.Synchronic aspects are mainly influenced by pronunciation mechanism and language contact.Pronunciation mechanism is mainly the assimilation of pronunciation,that is,whether vowels and consonants in Er-Hua syllables are compatible with [+ tongue rolling] features and the pursuit of labor-saving and convenience in pronunciation.Driven by assimilation,a phonetic evolution chain is formed,which consists of finals tongue rolling > medial loss(change)> flap increase > initial consonants pronunciation position change.Diachronically,it is mainly the legacy of ancient sounds that plays a role.As far as the development trend is concerned,With the popularization and popularization of Putonghua,the general trend of Jimo dialect Er-Hua’s development in the future is to move closer to Putonghua.However,due to the stability and systematicness of the language system and the psychological sense of belonging of dialect users to the mother dialect,Jimo dialect’s Er-Hua will still retain certain characteristics in a short time.