Secret Religious Statues’s Comparative Study Of The Dazu Rock Carvings And The Longmen Grottoes

This paper focuses on the comparative study of the Dazu Rock Carvings and the statues of the secret religion in Longmen Grottoes.The first part discusses the origin of the secret religion and its introduction into China.The secret religion originated from India,and after a long period of change and development,it was introduced into China in the Wei and Jin dynasties.The early secret religion was quickly combined with the folk religion at that time after it was introduced into China,with Chinese characteristics.During the Sui and Tang dynasties,the development of esoteric Buddhism in China gradually formed a system.In addition,the interpretation of esoteric scriptures by various eminent monks led to the formation of a system of esoteric Buddhism in the mid Tang dynasty.However,after this,esoteric Buddhism declined in the Central Plains and spread to the east,leading to the rise of Chuanmi.The second part introduces the Tantrism statues in Dazu Rock Carvings.The Dazu Rock Carvings are divided into the Xianmi statues and the Chuanmi statues.The Xianmi statues are briefly introduced according to the age,and the representative grottoes of the Chuanmi statues are selected for introduction.According to the time sequence,the Xianmi statues are introduced,and the representative niches of the Dazu Rock Carvings Xianmi statues in the middle Tang Dynasty,the late Tang Dynasty,the Five Dynasties,the Song Dynasty,and the Ming and Qing Dynasties are briefly described.The representative Ten Lian Charts of Liu Benzun,Thousand Hand Guanyin Niches,Ten Ming King Niches,and Peacock Ming King Niches are selected in Chuanmi.The third part introduces the esoteric statues in Longmen Grottoes.Due to the limited number of esoteric statues in Longmen Grottoes,a brief introduction is given to all of them according to their distribution locations in Longmen.Mainly introduced the esoteric statues of the Leigutai South Cave and Leigutai North Cave;Niche 2144,2142,2143,and 2133 of Wanfo Valley;The 571 st niche of Longmen Mountain and the small niche at the entrance of Guyang Cave.The fourth part compares the Tantrism statues of the two places from the micro and macro perspectives.From the macro perspective,there are great differences between Dazu Rock Carvings and Longmen Grottoes in terms of age distribution,spatial distribution,providers and themes.From a micro perspective,a comparative study was conducted on the details of the Great Sun Tathagata and Thousand Hand Guanyin,both of which are present in both regions.The fifth part analyzes the reasons for the emergence of different esoteric statues in the two regions,and explores the dissemination of esoteric teachings in the two regions.This paper analyzes the economic and political reasons and religious reasons for the formation of Dazu Rock Carvings,as well as the political background and religious reasons for the appearance of esoteric statues in Longmen Grottoes,and discusses the spread of esoteric religions between the two places.