Pingcheng Archaeology And Yungang Grottoes

This article mainly discusses the complementary relationship between stone burial tools,stone lanterns,and other stone products from four aspects,attempting to reveal the historical features of Pingcheng culture in the Northern Wei Dynasty as much as possible.Firstly,through typological analysis and structural(divisional)characteristics,the "Pingcheng Archaeological Site and Yungang Grottoes Architectural Modeling" was investigated.Firstly,the typological analysis of the currently seen palace buildings is conducted.Secondly,from the bottom up(platform base → roof),the various parts and main components of the palace building were inspected one by one,summarizing their era characteristics and changing rules,and basically revealing the true appearance and evolution of the palace building close to Pingcheng in the Northern Wei Dynasty.Secondly,based on the investigation of the Buddhist temple site,it can be seen that the layout of Pingcheng Buddhist temple is still centered on the pagoda,but there are three specific forms: one is the shape of the front pagoda and the back hall,the second is the front pagoda and the back hall,with corridors around the perimeter,and the third is only the Buddhist pagoda.The pagodas in Yungang Grottoes can be divided into four types: pagodas with pavilions,covered bowls,Vajra throne towers,and columnar towers.Based on the investigation of the shape and structure of the pagoda in the Yungang Grottoes,it can be seen that the original state of the pagoda foundation site found in Pingcheng is: a pagoda with three to five levels of towers,with a niche carved on the outer wall,with a Xumizuo on the top,and a banana leaf out of a pearl,on which the pagoda temple stands.Thirdly,a large number of Buddhist images were drawn in the murals of the Pingcheng tomb,and the Buddhist images and connotations such as Mani beads,Dharma protectors,and lotus flowers were investigated.Through an investigation of the murals from the Yunboli Mural Tomb,it is found that the painter of the tomb may have participated in both the carving of the Yungang Grottoes and the artistic production of the tomb.This is conducive to our understanding and investigation of the spread of popular print patterns or paintings at that time.Fourth,this chapter examines the stone artifacts from the Yonggu Tomb and the Wannian Hall of Emperor Xiaowen in Fangfang Mountain,the stone artifacts from the Ming Dynasty Hall,the stone burial utensils,the stone lamps,and other stone artifacts.It is believed that before the excavation of the Yungang Grottoes,there had been a certain scale of stone extraction activities in Wuzhou Mountain,and the stones obtained were used for various construction projects in Pingcheng.The excavation and opening of the caves by the Bai Emperor Tanyao in the Wu Zhou fortress were the result of various factors such as geological conditions,quarrying foundation,and transportation conditions.After being mined,the stone production areas led by the Yungang Grottoes are prioritized for use in the construction of royal projects,official activities,and the upper classes of society.The remaining small stones are used to make small Buddha statues,utensils,and so on.