| On November 12,1937,the Nationalist army withdrew from Shanghai,and the Japanese army immediately entered Shanghai,bringing the war into a period of "isolated island"..Although the concession authorities remained neutral during this conflict,they were already surrounded by a siege and the Japanese began to pursue an aggressive policy towards the tenant community by fostering a pseudo regime.The interplay of political forces made the struggle against the war in Shanghai during the "isolated island" period extremely difficult,and anti-Japanese activities in the Concession were forced underground.In response to this change of circumstances,the Shanghai underground of the Communist Party of China adopted a covert approach to fight against them.On the basis of uniting existing women’s groups,the "isolated island" women’s community renamed the women’s groups that were forced to stop their activities,and set up some new small women’s groups to continue their anti-Japanese and rescue activities,thus writing a significant part of the history of the women’s resistance in Shanghai.This paper is a study of Shanghai women’s groups during the "isolated island" period has the following four components:The first part analyses the historical background to the establishment of Shanghai women’s groups during the "isolated island" period.As the war entered the "isolated islands" period,the Japanese army took advantage of the neutrality of the tenant authorities to invade the "isolated island",making people’s lives increasingly difficult.The women of the "isolated island" under Japanese siege,under the unified leadership of the intellectual women of the upper classes and the "Women’s Committee" of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China,had a change of mind,and they participated in anti-Japanese rescue activities in order to achieve the goal of uniting the women’s community in the war.The second part looks at Shanghai women’s groups during the "isolated island" period.As the Japanese banned all anti-Japanese activities in the concession during the "isolated island" period,women’s groups that had previously been active on the resistance front had to stop working.The women’s community was forced to unite with the existing women’s groups in order to establish a number of women’s groups with an intermediate character and a combination of recreational and academic activities to continue their social activities.Although these women’s groups came from different fields of work,they were always on the front line of supporting the effort in the "isolated island" with the same principles in mind.The third part deals with the social activities of Shanghai women’s groups during the "isolated island" period.The women’s groups during the "isolated island" period aimed at anti-Japanese salvation and self-liberation,and carried out social activities such as propaganda and mobilization,saving money,relief and fund-raising,relief for refugees,and solidarity with working women.Specific initiatives included the creation of a women’s newspaper,a thrift campaign,charity sales,and the establishment of shelters and nurseries,all of which were very successful.The fourth part is the evaluation of Shanghai women’s groups during the "isolated island" period.The women of all walks of life joined in large numbers,giving the women’s groups in Shanghai during the "isolated island" period a strong mass base,and they fought against the Japanese in a covert manner.The various social activities carried out by the women’s groups during the "isolated island" period not only contributed to the development of the anti-Japanese and salvation movement on the "isolated island",but also raised the self-liberation awareness of the women on the "isolated island" to a certain extent.However,with the change of the war and the limitations of women themselves,the women’s groups nominally ended their activities and went underground.In conclusion,the Shanghai women’s groups during the ’isolated island’ period actively mobilized women at all levels to participate in various social activities,including propaganda and education,sheltering and relief work,fund-raising and other anti-Japanese relief activities,as well as activities related to the struggle for women’s own equal status.It is clear that while they fought for their own liberation,they also made a distinctive contribution to the national liberation movement.An in-depth study of the Shanghai women’s groups during the "isolated islands" period will not only provide a better understanding of their efforts to fight for their own liberation and their contribution to the history of women’s resistance in Shanghai,but will also help to reflect the real situation of the resistance in Shanghai during the "isolated island" period from multiple perspectives. |
