Study On Tugong In Jiangxi In Ming And Qing Dynasties

As an important political and economic system in ancient China,the tribute system refers to the local government ’s free supply of local products or materials to the central and rulers.The Tugong system can be traced back to the ancient times.At that time,the tribute and tax were integrated.By the Qin and Han Dynasties,’ Tugong’ began to be independent of tax.In the Tang and Song Dynasties,the Tugong system was more complete.In the Ming Dynasty,the tribute system was relatively mature.On the basis of inheriting the Ming system,there are many new changes in the Qing Dynasty.The content of this paper is the Ming and Qing Dynasties tribute system,taking Jiangxi as a case to explore the characteristics of Jiangxi tribute,and analyze the impact of tribute collection.After the development and evolution of the past dynasties,the Ming and Qing Dynasties tribute system is more specific and perfect.Ming Taizu made clear provisions on the types and quantities of land tribute collection.Tugong in the Ming Dynasty was ’ Shanggong ’,but according to different uses,it can be divided into two parts : ’ Shanggong ’ and ’ material ’.In the early Ming Dynasty,the regular tribute quota of the local tribute was collected every year.In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,about the beginning of the Emperor Yingzong,the rulers gradually became extravagant,the items of the local tribute were various,and the demands were different.The local tribute had a great influence on the people and relevant officials.At the same time,with the development of social economy in the Ming Dynasty and the implementation of a whip law,some of the tributes were levied by silver.The tribute system in the Qing Dynasty inherited the regulation of the Ming Dynasty,but there were also some new changes.In terms of the land tribute system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,there are mainly various types of agricultural products,textiles,birds and beasts,copper,iron,paper,medicinal materials,cloth,and military supplies.As for the management of Tugong,the Ministry of Revenue and the Ministry of Rites have responsibilities.In the source of collection,there are mainly three ways : special tribute households and official handicrafts,Lijia households and government procurement.The way of levy is mainly according to the grain distribution and levy.In addition,there are special agencies for the delivery of tribute,namely horse express ships and delivery offices.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Jiangxi ’s commerce and handicraft industry developed,which played an important role in the central government ’s fiscal revenue.Jiangxi has a vast territory and a large population.Tea buds,game,fur,medicinal materials,cloth and military supplies are provided on Jiangxi Tugong.Tea buds account for a large proportion,and all prefectures and counties have basically provided.The collection of land tribute has some influence on the regional society of Jiangxi.The compulsory free collection of tribute increased the burden on the working people,but also caused some difficulties to the relevant officials;in addition,it also promoted the commercial activities of ’tribute for benefit’.