Research On The Spatio-temporal Differentiation Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage

Intangible cultural heritage is a precious spiritual wealth for inheriting national spirit and carrying forward excellent culture.With the rapid development of social economy and the transformation of human production and the life style,the impact of modern culture further limits the living space of intangible cultural heritage.Clarifying the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of intangible cultural heritage can be formulated to achieve the sustainable development goals of intangible cultural heritage and formulating protection paths according to local conditions.This study took five batches of national intangible cultural heritage projects as the research object,analyzed the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of intangible cultural heritage from the dual scales of time and space,and put forward the protection path of intangible cultural heritage by combining the four protection principles of originality,productivity,diversity and integrity.The main conclusions were as follows:(1)China is rich in national intangible cultural heritage resources,with significant agglomeration characteristics and large inter-provincial differences in quantity,showing a distribution trend of "centralized in the middle and eastern regions,and dispersed in the western regions".In terms of type and structure,traditional skills have been dominant,while traditional sports,entertainment and acrobatics,as well as traditional medicine have been scarce.A spatial distribution pattern of "dual core agglomeration" has been formed.The spatial heterogeneity of the ten types of intangible cultural heritage was obvious,and all of them showed a trend of agglomeration.The agglomeration areas mainly included ethnic minority inhabited areas,provincial boundaries,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and other economically and culturally developed areas.(2)From the perspective of time,the national intangible cultural heritage generation and development periods were concentrated in the four periods of the Sui and Tang dynasties,the Song and Yuan dynasties,the Ming and Qing dynasties.The spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage varied significantly in different historical periods,with the main distribution areas being the Yellow River,the Yangtze River basin,coastal areas,and ethnic minority inhabited areas.In all historical periods,the center of gravity of intangible cultural heritage was located in Sichuan,Shanxi,Hubei and Henan provinces.On the whole,it showed a trend of circumferential movement along the northeast direction,and the elliptic distribution of standard deviation changed in the Qin,Han and Song dynasties.The change and length of historical dynasties and other factors had an impact on the generation and development of intangible cultural heritage,and then the spatial pattern of intangible cultural heritage has been affected.(3)The spatio-temporal differentiation of national intangible cultural heritage was the result of the combined effects of various factors,and the effect of social and economic factors was slightly greater than that of natural factors,while the rich cultural heritage of historical and cultural cities has provided fertile ground for the development of intangible cultural heritage.Every link of the protection of intangible cultural heritage needed adequate funds as guarantee.As a product of human society,intangible cultural heritage agglomeration areas have been population agglomeration areas.Factors such as the number of ethnic minorities,river systems,urbanization level,and relevant government policies had varying degrees of impact on the spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage.Combined with the type structure characteristics,spatio-temporal differentiation pattern and development status of Chinese national intangible cultural heritage,this study proposed strategies for the protection of intangible cultural heritage from four aspects:legislative protection,industrial development,diversity protection,and spatial layout.