Study On British Withdrawal Of Garrison In Shanghai In 1940

The British military presence in China is at the core of safeguarding British interests in China.In 1927,Britain began to stationed its army in Shanghai,and by August 1940,the British garrison in Shanghai had withdrawn.This was the last withdrawal of British troops in Shanghai in modern times,and it was not a simple decision for Britain.And in the context of the outbreak of the European War and Japan’s invasion of China,the British withdrawal also involved Japan,the United States,and China,which is a reflection of international relations during World War II and has important research value.At present,there is relatively little research on the British withdrawal from the Shanghai garrison in 1940 in both domestic and international academic circles.It mainly appears in works on the relationship between Britain and Japan and the British foreign policy,which simply regards the British withdrawal as a product of compromise with Japan.There is a lack of comprehensive investigation of this event,and there is no in-depth investigation into the reasons for the British decision to withdraw from the Shanghai garrison in 1940 and the impact of the British withdrawal from the Shanghai garrison.This paper takes the British withdrawal from the Shanghai Garrison in 1940 as the research object,fully excavates a large number of first-hand materials,collects and sorts out the files of the British Foreign Office,the Cabinet of the United Kingdom,the British Army,the collection of documents on American foreign relations,the report of the United States on China’s internal affairs,the original files of the Asian Historical Data Center,and other materials,supplemented by modern Chinese,British,and Japanese newspapers,The main research focuses on the decision-making process of the British withdrawal from Shanghai in 1940 and the negotiations between the United States and Japan regarding the takeover of British defense areas after the British withdrawal from Shanghai.On this basis,examine the interaction between major countries such as Britain,the United States,China,and Japan during this process,in order to deepen the study of Sino foreign relations and international relations during World War II.This article is divided into four chapters.The first chapter examines the changes in the British garrison in Shanghai before and after the outbreak of the European War.It mainly discusses the process of Britain’s independent withdrawal from its garrison in China becoming passive,with the outbreak of the European War and Japan’s request for withdrawal as the boundary;Chapter 2 elaborates on Japan’s withdrawal requirements and Britain’s response under the background of Italy’s participation in the war.It mainly discusses the situation where Britain became more passive in the Far East under Italy’s participation in the war and Japan’s repeated withdrawal requirements,as well as Britain’s re response to Japan’s withdrawal requirements,including seeking military support from the United States and alleviating the crisis on the Yunnan Burma Road through withdrawal;The third chapter mainly discusses the final decision of the British withdrawal and the process of the British withdrawal in Shanghai,as well as the reactions of the Nationalist government and domestic and foreign newspaper public opinion to the British withdrawal;Chapter 4 analyzes the activities of Britain,the United States,and Japan regarding the takeover of British defense areas after the withdrawal of the British stationed in Shanghai.It mainly discusses the consideration of British defense areas by Britain,the United States,and Japan after the withdrawal of the British troops,the activities of Britain,the United States,and Japan regarding the takeover of British defense areas in Shanghai after the withdrawal of the British troops,and the final takeover situation of British defense areas.Finally,this article argues that the British withdrawal from the Shanghai garrison in 1940 was a passive choice made by the UK to compromise with Japan in the context of the difficult situation in Europe and the Far East.The deterioration of the European War,the threat from Japan,and the refusal of the United States constituted the external reasons for Britain’s withdrawal from Shanghai.In addition to the internal reasons for Britain’s limited military strength and its policy of compromise with Japan,Britain made the most favorable decision for itself.In addition,the withdrawal of British troops from Shanghai in 1940 and the subsequent competition between the United States and Japan for British military control over the defense zone,although they occurred in Shanghai,were actually a microcosm of the international relations issues in the Far East,reflecting the complex changes in international relations during this period.During this process,due to Britain’s deep European predicament,it accelerated its exit from the Far East.With the turbulence of the European situation,the United States has placed its strategic focus on Europe and continues to maintain a conservative attitude in the Far East.However,due to the withdrawal of the UK,it has had to confront Japan head-on on the Far East issue.And Japan also recognized the weakness of Britain in the Far East and the ambiguous attitude of the United States on the Far East issue,gradually becoming tough on the issue of China against Britain and the United States,ultimately laying the groundwork for the international situation in the Far East to shift from a confrontation between Britain and Japan to a confrontation between the United States and Japan.