| Since the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the people’s livelihood in our country has been upgraded comprehensively from survival-oriented livelihood to development-oriented livelihood.At the same time,livelihood issues have risen to be the key target of national policies.The process of urbanization not only promotes the rapid development of urban economic but also generates a series of urban problems such as traffic congestion,environmental pollution,imbalance of resource supply and demand,and lack of livelihood services.The expectation of residents for a better life and the unreasonable distribution of social resources have resulted in escalating conflicts in housing,education,health care,employment and other social and livelihood issues.On the one hand,it has reduced the sense of acquisition,satisfaction and happiness of residents,on the other hand,it has caused the city’s high-quality development to lag.Therefore,it is important to study the current situation of livelihood problems,spatial distribution characteristics and their influencing factors in central urban areas to explore how to solve livelihood problems,alleviate livelihood conflicts and realize residents’ aspirations for a better life.Based on this,this paper selects Wuchang District of Wuhan City as the study area,takes the social opinion information collected on the Wuhan City Message Board Platform as the research data,and uses geospatial analysis methods to reveal the spatial characteristics of livelihood issues and their influencing factors in the central urban area of Wuhan City.First,the natural and humanistic aspects of the study area,the current situation of people’s livelihoods and the processing of data sources are described in detail.Secondly,the mean nearest neighbor and standard deviation ellipse methods are used to analyze the overall distribution characteristics of livelihood problems,and then multiple spatial analysis methods such as kernel density analysis,spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis are used to deeply analyze the spatial characteristics of livelihood issues in Wuchang District in terms of spatial scale and issue type.Next,starting from the perspectives of residents,government,and the market,that is,the supply and demand subjects,the author explore the influencing factors of the spatial distribution characteristics of people’s livelihood issues in the central urban area,explain the internal connections between the influencing factors,and summarize the comprehensive mechanism of the influencing factors.Finally,suggestions for spatial governance of livelihood problems are proposed based on the research results.The main research findings are as follows.(1)In terms of quantitative types,the types of livelihood issues in Wuchang District are prominent and distinctly differentiated.After statistics,it is found that the number of basic livelihood issues account for a slightly larger value than developmental livelihood issues.The basic livelihood issues mainly focus on residents’ living problems and housing and land problems;the developmental livelihood issues are mainly focus on social service issues,and the number of construction and production issues account for the least.(2)In terms of distribution status and direction,the results of the mean nearest neighbor calculation indicate that livelihood issues in Wuchang District are significantly clustered in terms of distribution status.The standard deviation ellipse results show that the clustering direction is obvious,with a northeast-southwest direction,roughly located in Xujiapeng Street,Fruit Lake Street,Zhongnan Road Street and part of the old city area.(3)At the spatial scale,the distribution of livelihood issues differs significantly among streets,with the clustering characteristics of high density and multiple cores,with the highest density of livelihood issues in Zhonghua Road Street and the lowest density of livelihood issues in East Lake Scenic Area,and the clustering cores of livelihood issues form a clustering belt of livelihood issues and an "L-shaped clustering corridor" along the Yangtze River and traffic arteries respectively.The livelihood issues are in high-high agglomeration zones in the old communities along the Yangtze River and the integrated communities along the traffic arteries,and are in low-low agglomeration zones in the communities with relatively well-functioning living facilities and tourist scenic areas.(4)In terms of problem types,the spatial clustering of various livelihood problems has significant divergent characteristics.The clustering of residents’ living problems is high in the northeast and low in the southwest,focusing on the neighborhoods of Fruit Lake and Nanhu Lake.Housing and land problems are clustered in the eastern neighborhoods of Wuchang District,among which the housing and land problems in the neighborhoods of Fruit Lake Road,Zhongnan Road and Nanhu Street are obviously prominent.Road traffic problems are clustered to a high degree,mainly laid out in the neighborhood of Fruit Lake Street and neighborhoods adjacent to traffic arteries.Construction and production problems are clustered to a high degree in the west and a low degree in the east,concentrated in the blocks along the Yangtze River and the Fruit Lack block.Urban environmental problems are scattered in hot spots and widespread in cold spots.Social service issues are different from hot and cold clusters,and the clustering degree decreases from the center of Fruit Lake Street to the surrounding neighborhoods.(5)The factors affecting the spatial distribution characteristics of livelihood issues are explored in various aspects from the perspective of supply and demand subjects.Through the collection and analysis of background information such as social data,historical planning and construction programs,public information,and the current situation of land use,the reasons affecting the spatial distribution of livelihood issues are elaborated from five aspects: social attributes of residents,planning guidance,spatial governance,industrial spatial adjustment,and market resource allocation.At the same time,we further analyze the interactions and interconnections among the influencing factors that jointly promote the formation of spatial characteristics of livelihood issues,among which,residents are the dominant factor in the spatial distribution of livelihood issues,the government is the driving factor in the formation of spatial distribution characteristics of livelihood issues,and the market economy is the direct factor influencing the spatial characteristics of livelihood issues.It is also concluded that the essence of the spatial characteristics of livelihood problems from the perspective of humanland relationship is the result of the spatial imbalance between the supply of resources and services by the government and the demand of the residents in their daily lives.Finally,the spatial governance of livelihood issues is proposed from three aspects: urban spatial development regulation,spatial resource supply allocation and spatial governance system,with a view to alleviating livelihood conflicts,enhancing citizens’ happiness and improving urban livelihood quality. |
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