The Development And Effectiveness Test Of The Moral Disengagement Questionnaire Of Aggressive Motivation Of Middle School Students

Moral disengagement is a cognitive process in which an individual cognitively reconstructs the behavior of hurting others into a rational behavior,which is an important cognitive factor affecting the individual’s aggressive behavior.Motivation to attack refers to the need or tendency to achieve a certain goal by hurting others.In the process of moral development,there are motivational factors in individual moral cognition,and the research on the moral disengagement of motivation deserves attention.Focusing on the research field of aggression,the research on moral disengagement of aggression motivation has not been studied deeply.The development of an assessment tool for the moral disengagement of aggression motivation is of great significance to the study of the moral disengagement of aggression motivation and the psychological mechanism of the influence of moral disengagement of aggression motivation on aggression behavior.Therefore,on the basis of the existing measuring tools of moral disengagement,this study takes middle school students as the research object to develop a new tool for measuring the moral disengagement of aggression motivation,which provides a new assessment tool for the screening of risk factors of aggression of middle school students,and also provides a new perspective for the intervention of moral disengagement and aggression behavior from the perspective of aggression motivation.The concept of moral disengagement was first proposed by Bandura.The first measurement tool of moral disengagement was also the 32-item moral disengagement questionnaire compiled by Bandura et al.,which was a one-dimensional structure measurement tool composed of eight disengagement mechanisms.In this study,five different types of aggression motivation are considered,and combined with the moral disengagement of eight disengagement mechanisms,a questionnaire containing five dimensions of aggression motivation moral disengagement is constructed,which are instrumental disengagement,altruistic disengagement,revenge disengagement,anger disengagement and denial disengagement.Based on the above background,first of all,a five-factor structure of the questionnaire on moral disengagement of aggression motivation was constructed according to the types of aggression motivation.On the basis of reviewing a large number of literatures,the existing measurement tools of moral disengagement were sorted out,and the available data of questionnaire topic were extracted through semistructured interview to form a project library containing 182 items.After 5 rounds of screening and revision,Finally,a 47-item moral disengagement questionnaire of attack motivation was determined and tested among 764 middle school students.After project analysis,exploratory factor analysis and reliability test of the obtained data,part of the questions were deleted,modified and added,and the final version of the 36-item moral disengagement of aggressive motivation questionnaire was formed.The final version of the questionnaire was tested on 678 middle school students.Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the structural validity of the questionnaire,the calibration tools such as the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire,the Bandura Moral disengagement Questionnaire,the Bullying Questionnaire,the Violent Attitude Questionnaire,and the Basic Empathy Scale were used to test the criterion validity of the questionnaire,and the AVE value of the mean variance extraction was used to test the convergence The AVE square root value was used to test the discrimination validity,and Cronbach’s α coefficient was used to test the internal consistency reliability.In addition,the Bandura moral disengagement questionnaire and the aggression motivation questionnaire were used to predict aggression and bullying behavior,and the Bandura moral disengagement questionnaire was controlled,and the hierarchical regression method was used to test the unique predictive power of the aggression motivation moral disengagement questionnaire on aggression and bullying.Finally,moral disengagement of aggression motivation is used as a mediating variable to test its mediating role in the relationship between empathy and aggression tendency.The results of exploratory factor analysis at the initial test stage show that the questionnaire of moral disengagement of aggression motivation has 5 factors.Some items have the problems of multi-factor cross-load and low common degree.After revising or deleting the problematic items and adding some questions,a questionnaire with 36 items is formed.The results of confirmatory factor analysis on the 36-item questionnaire showed that the fit indexes were good.The Cronbach’s α coefficients of the five subscales of the questionnaire were above 0.800,and the Cronbach’s αcoefficients of the overall questionnaire were 0.958.The results of criterion correlation validity analysis showed that the scores of aggression motivation moral disengagement were significantly positively correlated with the scores of violent attitude questionnaire,Bandura moral disengagement questionnaire,Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire,bullying questionnaire and anger aggression questionnaire(r=0.290～0.714,p<0.01),was significantly negatively correlated with basic empathy scale scores(r=-0.375,p<0.01).In addition,after controlling for Bandura’s moral disengagement questionnaire,aggressive motivation moral disengagement can significantly positively predict anger aggression(β=0.267,t=6.219,p<0.001)and bullying behavior(β=0.245,t=4.645,p<0.001).Finally,moral disengagement of aggression motivation has a significant mediating effect on the relationship between empathy and aggression tendency,and the95% confidence interval is [-0.1722,-0.0921].In conclusion,the five-factor structure of the moral disengagement of aggressive motivation questionnaire has good structural validity,convergence validity,discrimination validity,criterion validity and internal consistency reliability.Compared with the similar Bandura moral disengagement questionnaire,it has a unique predictive effect on aggression and bullying.It can also be used as a mediating variable to verify the mediating effect between empathy and aggression.All of these indicate that the questionnaire can be used as an effective measurement tool to measure the moral disengagement of aggressive motivation.