A Study On Imperative Sentence Of “Er Pai”

Chu Ke Pai An Jing Qi and Er Ke Pai An Jing Qi are pseudo-fiction collections published in late Ming Dynasty,and they are also living fossils which can reflect language situation in late Ming dynasty.Imperative sentence is one of chinese basic sentence types and it is also used extensively in people’s daily life.This thesis select “Er Pai” as research language materials,sift 2511 imperative sentence which accord with imperative sentences’ s syntactic structure characteristic and also possess imperative function exhaustively.Based on the method of static description and dynamic comparison,We classify and depict imperative sentence in “Er Pai” from the perspective of external synactic structure,internal characteristic words and overall pragmatic function.on the basis,We compare “Er Pai”’s imperative sentence with Journey to the West and The Scholars which created in middle Ming dynasty and middle Qing dynasty to probe into the characteristics of imperative sentence in “Er Pai”.The thesis is divided into six parts.The preface introduce the object of study and research significance in brief,review research situation of imperative sentence and “Er Pai”,mark out research range of imperative sentence explicitly,and elaborate research methods and novel version used in this thesis.The first chapter mainly analyse imperative sentence’s compositions and syntactic structure in “Er Pai”.complete imperative sentence include four elements:utterance subject N1、imperative predicate V1、behavior subject N2 and behavior predicate V2.Imperative sentence synactic structure which composed with four compositions in “Er Pai” has six types:“N1+V1+N2+V2”、“N1+V1+V2”、“V1+N2+V2”、“V1+V2”、“N2+V2” and “V2”.It is found that synactic structure “V2” has largest proportions and the quantity of “N2+V2” is second in“Er Pai”,the quantity of “N1+V1+N2+V2” is smallest.The second chapter classify imperative sentence in “Er Pai” with two main types by the standard of contain or lack characteristic words,and also analysis phenomenon of several characteristic words used in one imperative sentence.It is found that the ratio between imperative sentence which contain characteristic words and imperative sentence which lack characteristic words is 9:1.The imperative sentence which contain characteristic words occupy an absolute advantage.After look for 78 characteristic words which can strengthen imperative tone in “Er Pai”,we analyse different influnce of every characteristic words.It is found that the imperative sentence which contain characteristic words in “Er Pai” has strong compatibility which reflect in the characteristic words in “Er Pai” swwep ancient Chinese,modern Chinese and contemporary Chinese vocabulary.After list and analyse the imperative sentence which contain several characteristic words,we found that the imperative sentence which contain several congeneric characteristic words is limited to request verb,and the imperative sentence which contain several different characteristic words is more abundant.After induce the imperative sentence which lack characteristic words,it is found that it can only presented in the form of “N2+V2” and “V2”.It can express order,ask and exhort tone,which is similar to contemporary Chinese vocabulary.The third chapter divide imperative sentence in “Er Pai” into command class,demand class,suggestion class,request class,discuss class and enjoin class at the angle of pragmatic function and elaborate influence factor of imperative sentence with different fuction.The fourth chapter compare the imperative sentence in “Er Pai” with Journey to the West and The Scholars to induce the usage characteristics of “Er Pai”.It is found that the imperative sentence of “Er Pai” comply with trend in development of Ming and Qing dynasties,and it also has unique characteristics.The epilogue summary the main content of preceding text and explain inadequacy.