| Different scholars have different opinions on parts of speech of the multi-functional word dao in Mandarin Chinese.The usages of dao in dialects are also varied,especially reflected on the special phenomena of dao in Changde dialect.dao can be used as preposition that indicates position,progressive aspect and durative aspect,which is very different from dao in Mandarin Chinese.From the perspective of cartography theory,we take dao in Changde dialect as the research object,and makes a more in-depth analysis of dao in Changde dialect based on the shortcomings of previous studies.The main research questions of this thesis are as follow.1.What are the categorical classifications of dao in Changde dialect? 2.According to the classification,what are the syntactic and semantic characteristics of different categories of dao? 3.How to map syntactic cartography with the fine-grained classification of dao?For question 1,dao is divided into seven categories according to the previous research,the intuition of native speakers and the interpretation of related corpus: verb dao1,directional verb dao2,preposition dao3,particle dao4,progressive aspect dao5,durative aspect dao6 and morpheme dao7.As for question 2,the syntax and semantics of different dao is analyzed in Changde dialect.(1)dao1 exists as an independent predicate or forms a serial verb construction with other verbs,showing the meaning of ‘arriving’;(2)dao2 and antecedent verbs form a directional predicate complement structure,and derive the meaning of ‘achievement’ from ‘arriving’;(3)dao3 can be combined with words such as time or location nouns to form a prepositional structure,indicating the semantics of[+direction],[+location],[+time],[+source];(4)When dao4 is used as a structural particle,it indicates the degree of action is achieved.When dao4 is used as a result complement particle,it indicates that the action has a result;(5)The progressive aspect dao5 is before verb,which means that the action is taking place;(6)The durative aspect dao6 after verb means that the action continues.(7)dao7 merges with the preceding verb into a new verb,which means the action has been realized.For question 3,according to the theory of syntactic cartography which is used to explain the causes of derivations of different types of dao,we find that different dao has different positions in the syntactic diagrams.We believe that there is an inner aspect between verb dao1 and its object;Directional verb dao2 is preceded by a light verb BECOME,which indicates the outcome of the event;Preposition dao3 is the result of the transformation of the verb dao at the lexical level by combining with the deprepositioned functional component p;Particle dao4 becomes the light verb BECOME;We also believe that progressive aspect dao5 belongs to the outer aspect.The progressive aspect dao6 b used in the sentence is the middle aspect,and the durative aspect dao6 a used at the end of the imperative sentence is the inner aspect.The word-forming morpheme dao7 is merged with the original verb to form a new verb that expresses the meaning of the result.Based on the detailed description of the usages and distributions of dao,we will draw a syntactic hierarchy for different types of dao,and provide a panorama of all dao.The above analysis enriches the dialect grammar and provides new evidence and perspectives for the study of syntactic cartography theory. |
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