| Modern Chinese sentences include two types: verb core predicate sentences(referred to as verb predicate)and noun core predicate sentences(referred to as predicative sentence).As one of the basic sentence patterns in Chinese,noun core predicate sentence has a high proportion in daily language communication.However,compared with the verb core predicate sentence,the study of the nominal core predicate sentence is relatively backward.Both the nominal structure and the centering structure belong to the nominal core structure.The nominal core predicate sentence to be studied in this paper refers to a sentence composed of nominal elements as predicates,which is equivalent to nominal structure in structural form,that is,the former name acts as the subject of the nominal predicate sentence,and the latter name acts as the predicate of the nominal predicate sentence.The research object of this paper is the modern Chinese nominal core predicate sentence.Combined with the corpus technology,this paper uses the dual means of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis to describe the nominal predicate sentence from the perspective of “lexical unit—role realization—role ordering—syntax mapping—semantic change—pragmatic restriction”.It reveals the interface mechanism of "syntax—semantics" and the pragmatic interface.Finally,the paper establishes the interface model of noun core predicate sentence,and provides relevant theoretical exploration from the perspective of syntax semantics.First of all,based on the limited vocabulary of modern Chinese,referring to the frequency dictionary of modern Chinese,according to the screening principle,50 highfrequency nouns are selected as the research object.Then,according to the interpretation of modern Chinese Dictionary(Seventh Edition),we classify the semantics of 50 typical nouns,and analyze the lexical semantics of these typical nouns with reference to the lexical semantics marker set,and then we summarize and extract 90 lexical semantics.Based on the analysis of the semantic roles related to nominal core predicate sentences in the syntactic category semanteme tagset,23 semantic roles and 32 syntactic category semanteme are proposed.Secondly,this paper discusses the interface problem of "lexical unit—semantic role" in noun core predicate sentences,that is,how lexical units can be realized as semantic roles based on their lexical semantics.It is found that the key to the cohesion of "lexical unit—semantic role" of noun core predicate sentence lies in the compatibility of the category semantics abstracted from the two parts before and after the formation of noun predicate sentence,and the obvious compatibility of the category semantics of the two parts of noun components is the foundation of the combination.In addition,different semantic fields and different lexical elements have different interface expressions.The nominal core predicate sentences,which are established by the typical nouns of the character,event and orientation fields,are relatively orderly arranged in their syntactic and semantic patterns.Except for typical cases,a typical lexical element can induce all syntactic semantic patterns,and other lexical elements in the subfield can basically enter these syntactic semantic relationships.The syntactic and semantic patterns established by the typical lexical elements of the field of things and time are rich,and the patterns are not orderly arranged.The syntactic and semantic patterns which can be established by the typical lexical elements of locational field are also relatively neat.Then,based on the nominal predicate sentence tagging corpus,the role ordering model of nominal predicate sentence is analyzed,and the projection distribution of semantic roles involved in nominal predicate sentence is analyzed.It is found that there are 35 kinds of ranking models of semantic roles in noun predicate sentences.The projection of semantic roles involved in noun predicate sentences at the syntactic level includes two categories: single mapping and multiple mapping.Among the 23 semantic roles,18 are single mapping and 5 are multiple mapping.It can be seen that the semantic role of single mapping is far more than that of multiple mapping.This shows that in nominal predicate sentences,although lexical semantic and syntactic components have multiple correspondences,they are relatively single.Thirdly,based on the nominal core predicate tagging corpus,this paper discusses the two dimensions of lexical semantic restriction syntactic structure and syntactic structure anti restriction lexical semantics respectively,and summarizes the restriction relationship between them.The analysis shows that the lexical meaning of noun core predicate sentence restricts the role realization of lexical unit,the role type of combination object and the role realization type.The function of syntactic structure is weak,which is mainly reflected in the semantic requirements of lexical units and semantic changes,that is to say,there will be semantic changes such as prominent semantic features,increased semantic features and semantic transformation.Finally,based on the corpus,this paper investigates the constraints of pragmatic factors on the formation of nominal core predicate sentence structure.It is found that metonymy,subjective expression,theme and focus,context,semantic self-sufficiency,relevance theory and other factors all affect the formation of sentence structure of wellknown predicate sentence to a certain extent.First,metonymy is universal.The post name NP2 in the noun core predicate sentence can be realized as different semantic roles through metonymy,thus forming different sentence structures.In the process of daily communication,it is easy to be chosen and used by both parties.Secondly,the speaker can use different types of noun core predicate sentences to reflect his subjective attitude and emotion according to his inner position.Thirdly,the two nominal components of noun core predicate sentence,the former name and the latter name,can represent both the theme and the focus according to the speaker’s intention.Fourth,context,social context and situational context interact with each other and act on the understanding of noun core predicate sentences,so that the meaning of words is clear,unique and acceptable.Fifthly,the reason why nominal elements can act as predicates is that predicate nouns have declarative meaning under certain circumstances and transmit new information unknown to listeners,so that sentences can be self-sufficient.Sixth,according to relevance theory,as a subject predicate part,a noun core predicate sentence consists of only two nominal components.The speaker only needs to place two nominal components with certain semantic relationship side by side,while the hearer needs to make more mental efforts to understand the semantic relationship between the two nominal components and understand the communicative intention of the other party.Therefore,both sides of communication can carry out different amount of language coding,and seek the best balance between mental efforts and contextual effects.Based on the corpus,from the perspective of "lexical unit—role realization—role ordering—syntax mapping—semantic change—pragmatic restriction",this paper makes a preliminary analysis and exploration of modern Chinese noun core predicate sentences,and draws the corresponding conclusions.However,many aspects of the study are still weak,such as pragmatic problems involving many,in addition to the relevant content of this paper,there are still many problems to be solved in the future research. |
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