| Due to its particularity,Chinese nasal endings have always been a hot topic in academic research.Previous studies by scholars have found that there is a trend of gradual weakening of the nasal codon in Chinese,and have studied the rules of nasal ending change and the factors that affect its change,but there is still much room for research.Based on the research of predecessors,this article uses experimental methods to combine acoustics,physiology,and auditory perception,adding duration parameters to supplement the original research results,and applies experimental methods to dialect research.By studying the differences in the changes of nasal endings in dialects,this article complements the content that cannot be found in Mandarin,and finds the dynamic changes in the nasal endings of the entire Chinese language.In addition,a combination of auditory perception and rhinogenicity research was conducted to find the corresponding situation of the nasal endings during the dynamic change process,and to investigate the interaction between auditory perception and nasal endings.Through experiments,the following results were obtained:In Beijing dialect:(1)The nasal ending of Beijing dialect remains generally normal,with a few cases of weakening,nasalization,or even shedding,which cannot be characterized solely.(2)The weakening of nasal endings in Beijing dialect is influenced by factors such as the main vowel,tone,duration,language flow,speech speed,and sentence stress.Specifically,the tongue position of the main vowel is high and anterior,the nasal ending is stable,the main vowel is low and posterior,and the nasal ending is unstable.When the main vowel is a middle vowel,the degree of nasal ending stability varies greatly;The nasal ending is the most stable when the yin is flat,followed by the yang,followed by the upper voice,and the nasal ending is the most unstable when the voice is removed;The long ending of the nose is stable,while the long ending of the nose is unstable;Double character sounds and speech flow can make the nasal ending unstable;The nasal ending is the most stable at medium speed,followed by slow speed,and the nasal ending is the most unstable at fast speed;The nasal ending is stable when in focus and unstable when out of focus.Among them,the tongue position of the main vowel is the most important factor,which has a greater impact than the tone,and is the main factor affecting the length of the nasal ending.(3)With the weakening,nasalization,and shedding of the nasal ending,the duration between the vowel segments,the nasal ending segment,and the nasalization segment of the nasal ending syllable has a dynamic change of one and the other/-?/.The ending time is longer than/-n/ending and has better stability.(4)The pronunciation of "Er Hua Yun" in the nasal ending of Beijing dialect is diverse,with/-n/,/-?/,the two nasal endings will produce different pronunciation types,and the pronunciation type after/-n/endings is single.According to its performance,it should be classified as a combination type of rhyming;/-?/.There are various types of pronunciation after codification,which can be divided into two types: F3 inclined downward movement and F3 parallel downward movement.One part is classified as nasalization combined type of codification ending,and the other part is classified as nasalization combined type of codification ending.According to the degree of nasalization,there are also two types of nasalization fusion.In the process of gradually decreasing the number of "er hua" words in Beijing dialect/-?/Ending words should decrease faster than/-n/ending words.In other dialects:(5)The nasalization segment and duration of oral vowels and nasalized vowels are also affected by the vowel tongue position,with the main vowel tongue position being high and forward,with a high degree of nasalization,while the main vowel tongue position being low and backward,with a low degree of nasalization;The degree of nasalization is high for long duration and low for short duration.Nasal endings are more stable when the tone is in the Yin tone category,and unstable when the tone is in the Yang tone category.(6)There are more abundant nasal sounds and nasalization phenomena in dialects.There are cases where nasalization vowels become oral vowels,cases where nasalization vowels should not have a nasal ending but have a nasal ending,and cases where nasal endings are weakened.These phenomena are related to the tongue position and language contact of the main vowel,reflecting the dynamic change process of Chinese nasal endings from normal to weakening,then falling off,and finally changing the main vowel into nasal vowels and oral vowels.However,there are also special cases where local dialects derive nasal endings due to dialect contact.In the listening experiment:(7)The state of nasal endings has an impact on the accuracy of selection.The correct recognition rate of nasal endings in different states was normal nasal ending >weakened/nasalized nasal ending >lost-nasal ending.It was easy to judge the normal nasal ending as weakened nasal ending,easy to judge the weakened nasal ending as normal nasal ending/nasalized nasal ending,easy to judge the nasalized nasal ending as weakened nasal ending/lostnasal ending,and easy to judge the exfoliated nasal ending as nasalized nasal ending.Nasal endings appear to fall off in the degree of nasalization,but they can still be judged to exist in the sense of hearing.(8)The tongue position of the main vowel,the speed of speech flow,the focus of the sentence,and the dialect background of the subject all have an impact on the accuracy of selection.When the main vowel tongue position is low,the accuracy rate is high,when the tongue position is high,the accuracy rate is low,and when the tongue position is in the middle,the accuracy rate is not fixed;The nasal ending has a high accuracy rate in single character sounds,but a low accuracy rate in double character sounds and speech streams;Different speech speeds,differences in the length of nasal and caudal segments in different focal points,and the degree of nasalization can affect the accuracy of selection;When the tone system is different,the judgment of nasal endings may different. |
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