A Study On The Nasalance Of Tianshui Dialect

In this paper,two types of nasal soundness were collected using the dual-mode nasal flow meter SNORS and the nasometry meter Nasometry;Aerodynamic Nasalance is the nasal flow rate,and acoustic nasalance is the nasal sound rate.Aerodynamic Nasalance is the percentage of the nasal gas outflow in the total outflow in a unit time;acoustic nasalance is the percentage of the energy of the nasal flow in the total energy in a certain time.They reflect the strength of nasal sounds from two perspectives:nasal flow energy and nasal flow intensity,respectively.For studying nasal sounds,both parameters are of certain value.Based on these two parameters,we examined the nasality pattern of vowels and nasal consonants in the syllable types of(C)V,CV,NV,NV,VN,and NVN in the Tianshui dialect,and the main conclusions were.Through the extraction and processing of the speech data collected by the bimodal aerodynamic nasalance and acoustic nasalance,the characteristics of the nasalance and nasal flow rate of each vowel and nasal consonant in different syllables in Tianshui dialect speech were analyzed and summarized,and preliminary explanations were made by combining the physiological characteristics of articulation and acoustic features.The nasalance size ordering of Tianshui dialect vowels[i]>[y]>[a]>[ε]>[?]>[?]>[u].Nasal flow rate size order:[a]>[i]>[ε]>[?]>[y]>[?]>[u].Vowels with different tongue positions before and after showed significant differences in nasalance.By analyzing the two values of nasalance and nasal flow rate and combining them with the physiological characteristics of articulation,we believe that the nasal component in oral vowels is actually the result of nasal resonance caused during oral articulation;the more or less nasal component depends on the size and front-back of the oral resonance cavity.When vowels and nasal consonants form syllables,the nasal component of vowels is the result of the combined action of oral articulation,which causes nasal resonance,and oral airflow into the nasal cavity through the nasopharyngeal channel,which is also the airflow mechanism of nasal consonant assimilation of vowels;the strength of this part of airflow depends mainly on the articulatory parts of vowels and nasal consonants.The three phonemes of the same class[a][(?)][a(?)]form a gradient difference in nasality and show differences in acoustic parameters.The nasalance and nasal flow rate of vowels showed increasing trends in all four different types of syllables in(C)V,NV,VN,and NVN,and the nasal degree was highest when the vowel was between two nasals.Examination of nasal consonant nasality in the Tianshui dialect:The nasalance of NV-type syllable nasal consonants was influenced by the posterior vowel-joined vowel;the closer the nasal consonant was to the vowel’s site of articulation,the smaller the nasalance of the consonant.The nasalance of the nasal consonant is influenced by the vowel of the following vowel,and the closer the nasal consonant is to the vowel,the lower the nasalance of the consonant.The nasalance of the nasal consonant is higher when the nasal consonant is a vowel than when the nasal consonant is a rhyme end,and the nasalance of the nasal consonant is lower in VN syllables than in NVN syllables.The effect of tone on the nasal ending nasality was found to be highest in the declension(high flat tone 44)and lowest in the upper tone(high low tone 51).From the distribution of nasal consonant end nasality on the two-dimensional spatial map,the nasal end features after the vowel[a]in the Tianshui dialect are less stable than those after the vowel[i][u][y][?]in the nasal end[?]The overall effect of tone on nasal consonants is reflected in the fact that the declension has the greatest effect on nasal consonants and the least effect on the uvulars.In addition,the examination of the nasal degree of the fricative 1 suggests that there should be three forms of the fricative[1]in the Tianshui dialect:free variant[n],nasal variant[(?)],and fricative variant[1].