| The thesis mainly discusses the evolution of the historical memory of Emperor Jianwen from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,especially focusing on the formation process of personal memory and the related appearance of group memory reflected in it.And the group writing and the process of development and evolution of the adherents of the Ming Dynasty,the officials of the two dynasties,and the Qing people in the special period of the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.The Jiashen Change and the posthumous posthumous title of Jianwen by the Nanming regime broke the political taboos of the Ming Dynasty,and made the memory of Jianwen from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China present multiple aspects.In the Qing Dynasty,a three-track discourse system was formed among the officials,the local society,and the people.At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,based on different life choices and political identities,the adherents of the Ming Dynasty,the officials of the two dynasties,and the Qing people screened,created and evaluated Jianwen historical events,and formed different writing principles and evaluation systems.Zhang Dai,Fu Weilin and Gu Yingtai may be regarded as their respective representatives.The official discourse system mainly revolves around several revisions of "History of the Ming Dynasty".Until the eighteenth year of Kangxi,the progress was still slow and there were no corresponding results,but it stimulated the scholar-bureaucrats to compete for history.Eighteen years later,the progress of history compilation accelerated.After that,during the Kangxi period,Wan Sitong,Xiong Cilu,and Wang Hongxu successively took the lead in compiling history.In the fifty-third year of Kangxi and the first year of Yongzheng,the "Ming History Draft" was submitted twice,showing the obvious writing principles of suppressing Jianwen and respecting Yongle.Previously,the "History of the Ming Dynasty" mainly focused on examining and debating the authenticity of Jianwen’s historical events,but after Qianlong,the relevant discourses were based on the principle of praising loyalty,and the official position was more inclined to Jianwen’s death rather than self-immolation.This change may be related to many factors such as the literati’s singing,the reappearance of Jianwen’s historical sites,and the restoration of Jianwen’s landscape in the process of compiling local chronicles.Among the many editions of "History of the Ming Dynasty",except for the Kangxi version,the rest adopt the theory of "passing doubts",and because of different positions,their attitudes towards Jianwen and Yongle are also different.Under the needs of the country,the matter of Jianwen Xunguo has always been recorded in the history of the country in an open manner,leaving the possibility of realizing the history of the country and family history,and it was realized in the Wuying Palace.Stimulated by the Emperor Kangxi’s decree to compose the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty,Jianwen historical sites and landscapes in local society were rediscovered,and were recognized by the annals editors,becoming local memories.The emergence of related landscapes has increased the phenomenon of literati singing and composing poems after traveling,and this phenomenon has promoted the spread of Jianwen’s memory.People pay more attention to interesting novels and dramas.Compared with the official discussion of the authenticity of Jianwen’s historical events,the local society and the people used Jianwen’s death and humiliation as the premise of the narrative.The finalization of the writing principles of Jianwen in the Qianlong Dynasty also means that the history of Emperor Jianwen will gradually move away from the core political issues,and the political function will gradually disappear,replaced by the entertainment function as the dominant one.From Jiadao to the period of the Republic of China,"A Thousand Faithful Records: Eight Suns" and the adaptation of Ruo Jianwen’s story became popular for a while,which means that the entertainment function of Jianwen’s historical events overwhelmed its political function.Therefore,in general,the historical memory of Jianwen from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China fully inherited and absorbed the memory content generated and circulated in the Ming Dynasty,and re-screened and created it.In the local society and among the people,Jianwen’s exile is the consensus of the people at that time.Although the compilation of "History of Ming Dynasty" in the Kangyong period and the scholar-bureaucrats in the local society raised objections,the effect was minimal,which profoundly reflected the embarrassment of Jianwen and the inferior memory of the country.At the same time,it also presents the characteristics of "knowledge stratification".Many scholar-bureaucrats and scholars believe that the appearance of the legend of Jianwen’s exile and its relics "seems but not completely unfounded,and it is difficult to verify the second matter",so they can only hold the attitude of "not sure".As people of the time continued to "create" exile relics and reappear "landscapes",the memory of Jianwen became more and more popular,so the idea of Jianwen’s exile gradually evolved into the consensus of most contemporaries.The inheritance,regeneration and dissemination of Jianwen’s memory deeply embodies the profound influence of the subject’s personal life choice and course,dynastic ruling policy,political taboos and academic atmosphere on the generation,re-creation and dissemination of memory. |
