A Study On The Recovery Of The Orthdox Status Of Ming Emperor Jianwen

After the battle of Jingnan, Emperor Yongle wanted to shape his orthodox image, originated from Emperor Hongwu, he abolished the orthodox status of Emperor Jianwen by hidden his reign title, posthumous title, dynastic title and didn’t repair memoir. With the loosening of the political atmosphere after the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Civil society through a variety of ways to mourn the death of Jianwen loyalists. This reflected the characteristics of the first ministers after emperor, the first easy after difficult. The participants were both officials and local people, but officials played a leading force, they mourned Jianwen loyalists, just spontaneous private behavior, in addition to the memorial of Jianwen loyalists, also implied that, proclaim loyalty, educate the local social purpose. In addition, officials and the members of civil society insisted that "the country can be destroyed, the history can not be destroyed" of the historical tradition, compiled Jianwen history to "repair the deficiency of national history", given the historical status of Emperor Jianwen to a certain degree.In Wanli period, in order to complete the ritual, protect the feudal ethics and support Zhu Changluo for the crown prince, officials appealed to the imperial court to compile Jianwen history and recover reign title of Jianwen, on the one hand, inherited the views of "the country can be destroyed, the history can not be destroyed" of the historical tradition, orthodoxy, Jianwen’s benevolent Policy and "big filial piety"; more importantly, from the elimination of the imperial court about the concerns of " the recovery of the historical status of Emperor Jianwen is in contradiction with Emperor Yongle ", true history, the abolition of the absurdity of the unofficial history and reign title of Jianwen has been hidden difficultly to appeal to the imperial court to compile Jianwen history and recover reign title of Jianwen. In consideration of the protection of the feudal ethics was good to the imperial court’s domination, Emperor Wanli approved the recovery of reign title of Jianwen, partially recovered the orthodox status of Emperor Jianwen.In Tianqi and Chongzhen period, in the decline and factionalism of Ming dynasty, Many self-described loyalty officials who closely associated with and sympathized with Donglin Party, resonated with Jianwen ministers’ loyalty, wanted to inspire loyalty, to fought against the YanDang or saved the Ming dynasty by gave the posthumous title of Jianwen ministers and Emperor Jianwen’s posthumous title, dynastic title, sacrificial rites. Although eventually end up with nothing, but has produced a strong public opinion. In Hongguang period, officials continued to appealed to the imperial court to compile Jianwen history and gave Emperor Jianwen’s posthumous title, dynastic title, sacrificial rites. In order to declare the orthodox status publicly and win over people’s minds, Emperor Hongguang agreed to the requests of the officials, but the Hongguang court’s actions has no significant influence because of the sacrifice the long corner and the short duration.After the Qing dynasty, adherents of Ming dynasty called Emperor Jianwen " Emperor Rang "or "Hui Zong" to expressed a longing for their lost Dynasty, and in the reflection of the perdition of the Ming dynasty, involved the implied criticism of Emperor Yongle, euphemistically expressed dissatisfaction and disappointment in the late Ming Dynasty politics. But other as officials or were born in the Qing Dynasty historian, called "the Emperor Jianwen" commonly, didn’t admit the Nanming regime in the same time with the Qing Dynasty. In order to declare that the Qing Dynasty carries on the orthodox status of the Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty began to compile " the Ming history "and compile Jianwen Ben Ji, Wan Sitong "the draft of Ming history", Wan Sitong " the Ming history" and Wang Hongxu "the draft of Ming history " all called "the Emperor Jianwen" commonly. After the Emperor Qianlong acceded to the throne, in order to declare that the Qing Dynasty carries on the orthodox status of the Ming Dynasty and win over people’s minds, he complied with people’s sympathetic psychology about the Emperor Jianwen, gave the posthumous title that "Emperor Gong min Hui" to him, recovered his orthodox status fully. So Zhang Tingyu "the Ming history", four Cobain "the Ming history" and later historians all adopted this posthumous title. Therefore, the recovery of the orthodox status of Emperor Jianwen, was a long process, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the monarch and officials, the folk scholars in up and down activities to be achieved.