| Ji Kang was a representative figure of the famous scholars of the bamboo forest in the Wei and Jin dynasties,whose thoughts occupy an important position in traditional Chinese cultural thought.The philosophy of life is an important part of Ji Kang’s thought system and it is an important link in the history of the development of philosophy of life in ancient China.In the “awakening” era of the Wei and Jin Dynasties,Ji Kang evolved the perception of life’s difficulties into the pursuit of the true meaning of life and the meaning and realm of life,and combined his philosophy with the practice of life,which was with great personal characteristics and had a great influence on later generations.The research process of this paper is mainly based on Ji Kang’s works,linking the political and cultural backgrounds of the Wei and Jin dynasties as well as Ji Kang’s personal life history and ideological pursuits and focusing on the analysis of the rich connotation and value of Ji Kang’s philosophy of life.The paper consists of three parts.The first part of this paper focuses on the socio-cultural background and ideological origins of Ji Kang’s philosophy of life.From a practical perspective,the formation of Ji Kang’s philosophy of life was the inevitable result of the development of Wei-Jin society.At the same time,social unrest inevitably brought about cultural changes,and metaphysics became the cultural aspiration of the society at that time,and the mentality and life style of the scholars also changed,showing the movement of freedom of thought,awakening of individuality,and natural spontaneity.From an ideological point of view,both Confucianism and Taoism had a profound influence on Ji Kang,who regarded Taoist natural thought as the highest way to realize the value of life and held it in high esteem.Although he was critical of Confucianism,it was still the key to building his ideal personality,cultivating and solving his life problems.The second part discusses the specific contents of Ji Kang’s philosophy of life.“Nature”is the basic proposition of Ji Kang’s philosophy,and “nature” refers to both the natural cosmic essence of vital energy and the universal laws of individual life and real life.The nature ontology provides the basic perspective for Ji Kang to understand “desire” and “emotion” in human nature.He defined humanity as "nature" based,and believed that “the movement of human nature is corrected with harmony” and “the harmony of human nature”,which supported his attitude towards human nature.In the Wei and Jin dynasties,Ji Kang also focused on the four basic principles of talent and humanity,which he believed to be different from each other,and advocated that,he should be on par with a complete ideal personality through his own cultivation.JI Kang’s ideal personality is developed in three dimensions: the personality of a gentleman,the personality of a supreme being and the personality of a saint,which contains a harmonious unification of traditional Confucian values and Taoist doctrine.In terms of cultivation,Ji Kang advocated the principles and methods of “clearing the void and quieting the tai”,“releasing selfishness and revealing publicness”,and “joy to teach”.JI Kang attaches great importance to the role of the original mind and calls for maintaining a quiet and pure mind,while at the same time he believes that the moral qualities of a gentleman,such as “no measures” and “showing emotions”,are the embodiment of “public”.He also argues that the moral qualities of a gentleman,such as “no measures” and “showing affection”,are the embodiment of “public”,and therefore proposes the theory of the interpretation of private matters to improve one’s moral cultivation.Ji Kang also focuses on many issues of “music education”,projecting artistic and aesthetic concerns into life cultivation.As a representative of the Wei-Jin style,JI Kang distinguished the value of life and death.He loved life,valued the maintenance of form and spirit and cherished the value of life.He had struggles and contradictions in the face of the dilemma of death,but ultimately chose to maintain his noble character of being liberal.JI Kang’s basic attitude toward life and death was praised by later generations.The two realms of “harmony” and “immortality” are the ultimate aspirations of Ji Kang’s life.He merged the spiritual realm with all things in heaven and earth and opened up the beauty of harmony and freedom in life.The third part is an evaluation of Ji Kang’s life realm.Firstly,it affirms the theoretical contribution of Ji Kang’s life philosophy to Wei-Jin metaphysics.Secondly,from the viewpoint of JI Kang’s own ideological contradictions and present-day perspectives,his philosophy of life ideas have certain limitations that need to be treated objectively.Finally,Ji Kang’s philosophy of life promoted the development of thought and culture in the two Jin dynasties and had an important historical impact on Chinese scholars and intellectuals in terms of their founding and pursuit of their aspirations. |
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