A Supplementary Variorum And Research On Da Kuang Of Yi Zhou Shu

Da Kuang is the eleventh of the seventy-one(existing fifty-nine)Yi Zhou Shu.It mainly records the various measures taken to save disasters and famine during the period of Chengyi,the capital of King Wen of Zhou,reflecting the experience and thoughts of people in pre-Qin period in disaster prevention and relief.As the only one in the pre-Qin classics that specifically records the specific measures of famine,it is undoubtedly a very important document.After careful interpretation by scholars of all dynasties,we can basically understand the general idea of Da Kuang,but there are still many obstacles,so it is necessary to collect the research results of predecessors to sort out the text of Da Kuang.The terms and historical facts in the text of Da Kuang are quite complicated.Among them,"The Battle of Guan City","three states" and "Shiwu Xiangbao" are three words with obvious characteristics of The Times.Based on ancient writing materials such as oracle bone inscriptions and Jinwen,archaeological achievements and other handed down documents,it is concluded that the two words "The Sign of Guan City" and "Shiwu Xiangbao" should be used in the Warring States period,and the thought of "nine states under the world" contained in "Sanzhou" also appeared in the middle and late Warring States period.Therefore,it is more appropriate to set the final writing period of Da Kuang in the middle and late Warring States period.But this does not mean that Da Kuang is merely a forgery of the Warring States Period.Judging from the language and historical facts of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and earlier sources,The text is not built on the wall,but has its origin.It should not be finished at one time,but after many hands and many times of editing in the long history.Da Kuang focuses on famine preparation and disaster relief,and its famine measures can be summarized into two categories: prevention before disaster and recovery after disaster.Specifically,there are nine major measures,such as grain storage and famine preparation,saving and utilization.This phenomenon was notable in the measure of "no cereal" for the king of Zhou.The origin,meaning,time and identity of the user show that this word was not a dialect of ancient Chu or even a self-deprecation of the son of the Zhou Dynasty in times of crisis or defeat.It was in fact an expression of the famine rituals in ancient China.The ideas contained in Da Kuang are quite mixed,with the characteristics of Confucianism,legalism and mercantilism.This state of mind is close to Guan Zi,and it is highly consistent with Guan Zi in the concepts of "combining etiquette and law","emphasizing agriculture and revitalizing commerce",so Da Kuang may also be a work of the Jixia School of the State of Qi.Da Kuang is a comprehensive summary of the famine policy measures in the pre-Qin period.The Twelve Laws of famine management in Zhou Li were condensed and summarized from the theoretical level on the basis of the documents that recorded specific famine management measures such as Di Kuang and Da Kuang.From the perspective of the whole history of disaster management in ancient China,pre-Qin documents such as Da Kuang and Zhou Li are undoubtedly the important source of disaster management thoughts in ancient China,which laid the basic pattern of disaster relief in later generations.