A Study On The Valence Of Verbs In Nishan Shama

As the only Manchu myth handed down in Manchu language,Nishan Shaman is of great academic research value,reflecting the original characteristics of Manchu language with its language being very close to the original history and strong oral color.The purpose of this paper is to study the valences of verbs in Nishan Shaman(Vladivostok edition).By constructing a valences system suitable for the linguistic features of Manchu agglutinative language,the valency abilities,argument roles and coordination modes of various verbs are analyzed in detail,and the characteristics and coordination modes of various verbs are summarized,and the transitivity standards of Manchu verbs are discussed.Valency grammar regards verbs as the core of sentences,reflecting the most basic dependency relationship between verbal components and other components in language structure.Its core lies in analyzing the dominance of verbs over other components of sentences,and making valency quality expression,valency quality analysis and syntactic position judgment.Since it was introduced into Chinese studies in the 1970 s,valence grammar has formed a relatively mature valence system.More scholars of altaic family begin to use valency grammar to study language and a lot of theoretical and practical results have been obtained in recent years.In addition,the valence theory plays a relatively scientific theoretical guiding role in solving the transitivity problems of verbs in other languages,so it can be seen that the valence theory is applicable and can promote the study of Manchu verbs.This paper holds that the valency property of Manchu verbs is "syntactic and semantic" category.Referring to Yuan Yulin’s valency research theory,this paper divides Manchu verbs "valency" into three levels: "argument","item" and "link",so as to analyze the valency level of verbs.In this paper,all verbs in Nishan Shaman(Vladivostok edition)are selected as objects of investigation.It follows the three standards of semantics,morphological characteristics and syntactic function recognized by the Manchu language circle and Wang Li’s theory of "Lexical Categories and Grammatical categories".The 502 verbs that meet the conditions are extracted.According to the number of core arguments of verbs,they are divided into four categories: unary verbs,binary verbs,ternary verbs and quaternion verbs,and then according to their different semantic characteristics,they are divided into action verbs,character verbs,relational verbs,psychological verbs and causative verbs.At the same time,the subordinate components of verbs in Nishan Shaman(Vladivostok edition)are divided into three categories and 20 subcategories,hoping to systematically elaborate the valency and semantic roles of the dominant components of Manchian verbs,and elaborate various coordination modes of verbs according to the original corpus.Finally,through the valency analysis verbs in the full text,the valency characteristics of various Manchu verbs are summarized and analyzed,and the transitivity standards of Manchu verbs are discussed from a new perspective by using valency theory.