The National History Education Policy During Park Chung-HYee Era

Under the Park Chung-hee administration(1961-1979),the authorities’ nationalist educational ideology of South Korea were reflected by its education policy.With the promulgation of the National Education Charter(1968),the Park Chung-hee administration systematically promoted nationalist education policies.As one of the core component,the national history education policy is of abundant connotation,and is related to the national cultural projects led by the government during Park’s ruling.This research is a historical study on the national history education policy of Park Chung-hee,mainly through literature method and historical research method.In the study of certain issues,text analysis is used to provide in-depth analysis of the content and impacts of specific policy,in addition,interviews are used to supplement necessary information or perspectives.As the presentation of the research,the main part of this paper is composed of three chapters,which respectively present the background factors of the national history education policy,the formation of the national history education policy,the planning and implementation of the national history education policy and the related policies.According to the research,the whole picture of the national history education policy of Park Chung-hee period is reflected in this paper,and its features are summarized,and are showed as follow.First,the national history education policy is the representative product of the nationalistic education policy during the period of Park Chung-hee.The nationalist educational trend with Korean characteristics is the ideological background of its birth,and many ideological elements emphasized by the policy are drawn from the brewing,forming and developing process of Korean nationalism.Secondly,by means of the multi-source theory,it can be seen that the formation of the national history education policy includes the educational development,the changes of the domestic and foreign situation,the views of the historical circle and so on.Third,Park Chung-hee’s theory of "education with nationality" can be seen as a reaffirmations of the educational goals of nationalism,and has become a direct guiding theory for education policies on national history.Fourth,in order to implement the policy,specialized organization was set,and exerted influence on the history curriculum was conducted through the implementation of the curriculum standards of national history education set out in the third education curriculum period and the adoption of state-defined textbooks.Fifth,during the same period,the paralleled governmental national culture projects and policies of strengthen national history education formed a mutually reinforcing relationship.After referencing to multiple scholars,historical views are listed.The national history education policy has been used by the government to some extent,but not merely for the purpose of maintaining the government.The national history education policy had positive impacts such as overcoming colonial vision on history and raising national pride,but there were also negative impact like distorting people’s understanding of history.