On October 25,2016,Chinese Communist Party Central Committee and The State Council issued the Outline of the "Healthy China 2030" Plan,which clearly states the importance of putting people’s health in a priority development strategy.The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has placed new demands on global public health governance,as well as new breakthroughs in infectious diseases.Practical experience shows that the modernization of public health governance cannot be separated from the attention paid to the national health,the refinement of monitoring and emergency response measures in health crisis,which explains the importance of public health governance in the modernization of national governance.As early as the Republic of China era,the public health governance marked by the infectious-disease control had begun to take shape in Tianjin.Ta Kung Pao had recorded the epidemic and prevention of infectious diseases in Tianjin through hundreds of reports,as well as the cooperation process of the government,charitable organizations and mass media in the prevention and control of health crises.The modern characteristics embodied in the infectious-disease control during the period of the Nanjing National Government not only have historical value,but also practical reference significance for the establishment of today’s public health governance system.Therefore,the questions studied in this article mainly include: What role did the mass media represented by Ta Kung Pao play in modern public health governance? What are the characteristics of Tianjin social and health governance process did it show through its entire process of infectious disease epidemic and prevention?How did the administrative agencies and social organizations respond to the epidemic? What is the relationship between the government,society and the media as the main body of governance? Is it can provide ideas for the public health governance path of contemporary Chinese society that Explore the health governance process of Tianjin society ?Based on the above problems,this article takes 837 reports on six infectious diseases of cholera,typhoid,dysentery,smallpox,diphtheria,and scarlet fever and 110 advertisements in Tianjin Ta Kung Pao from 1927 to 1937 as research samples.Through large-scale literature research and content analysis,the characteristics of public health governance embodied in the prevention and control of infectious diseases in modern Tianjin are studied.This article focuses on the basic situation of the epidemic in Tianjin in the Republic of China presented by Ta Kung Pao and related historical materials,the social performance and prominent behaviors of the mass media in epidemic prevention and control,and the division of labor and function of multiple subjects in the prevention and control of the epidemic,so as to construct the overall context of the initial exploration of the path of public health governance in Tianjin in the Republic of China.Although it is still controversial whether the textual materials in modern newspapers can restore the real situation of the society at that time,Ta Kung Pao,as a Baike Encyclopedia recording Chinese society,pursued the principles of "no party","no sale","no selfishness" and "no blindness" during the new record period,which proved its reference value in reflecting social reality.This study found that the 837 infectious disease reports in Ta Kung Pao presented an pluralistic society,with the continuous improvement of the system,the prominent decision-making position of the government,the contribution of charitable organizations,the extensive mobilization of the mass media,and the coexistence of public superstition and rationality.As far as the media function of Ta Kung Pao is concerned,its news reports on various infectious diseases showed the characteristics of annual seesaw and monthly concentration,popular science of thematic education and sociality of commentary.Its commercial advertisements not only indirectly showed the prosperity of Tianjin’s commodity economy,but also reproduced the the open and inclusive concept of mass medicine consumption.On the whole,Ta Kung Pao not only constructed a communication network connecting the preceding and the following during the epidemic period through the reporting of infectious diseases,but also transmitted scientific infectious disease knowledge to the public through the guidance and supervision functions of public opinion,effectively reducing the social panic.At the same time,it participates in health management in the form of persuasion and donation,fulfilling the main responsibility.It can be seen that Ta Kung Pao had taken on the responsibility of social mobilization through the release of current affairs,popular science,and advice news.From the epidemic of infectious diseases presented in Ta Kung Pao,Tianjin during the "Nanjing Decade" period showed the characteristics of large scale,variety,and strong seasonal nature of the plague.On the one hand,during the epidemic process,infectious diseases were showed characteristics of the annual seesaw and quarterly concentrated characterization,which also coincides with the reporting time attribute of Ta Kung Pao.On the other hand,the persistence of infectious diseases were closely related to the inducing mechanism of natural disasters,the cyclical characteristics of climate and pathology,and non-scientific and irrational social habits.These epidemic causes recorded directly or indirectly in Ta Kung Pao are also valuable for the innovation of today’s crisis monitoring methods.From the perspective of social subject dynamics during the epidemic,in addition to the social mobilization function,The power of the government and social organizations in epidemic prevention and control in Tianjin in the Republic of China cannot be ignored.The government,as a decision maker,has effectively guided the establishment of rules and regulations and the quarantine of traffic crossings;medical institutions have achieved the rescue and treatment of patients through professional capacity enhancement and standardized and scientific strengthening;social organizations have spontaneously played the role of assistants,charitable organizations have supplemented the scale of epidemic prevention materials,the International Committee of the Red Cross is short of various resources for epidemic prevention,and the mass media communication and mobilization functions.Play,jointly construct a health and epidemic prevention model of multi-subject cooperation in Tianjin in the Republic of China.To sum up,the epidemic prevention process of Tianjin in the Republic of China shown in Ta Kung Pao was also a process in which the society was constantly exploring the path of public health governance at that time,and it was also a process in which the society sought to transform from tradition to modernity.The characteristics and problems of epidemic prevention reflected by Tianjin society actually reflect the characteristics of the times in the public health work of the whole of China at that time.It shows us that 90 years ago,the society cooperated with diversified governance subjects,and laws and regulations contributed to institutions and behavioral norms.Modernization exploration under complex practices such as institutional security,and neglect of villages and the bottom layer is not only a unique fireworks in the entire history of Chinese public health,but also provides valuable historical experience for our public health work today. |