Research On Jiagu Music Culture In Linqing,Shandong Province

Linqing is located in the northwest part of Shandong Province,bordering Hebei Province,at the intersection of Zhangwei River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Ancient Canal.Owing to its geographical location of "transportation hub",Linqing City has been prosperous for more than 500 years during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Relying on the water transportation of the Ancient Canal,Linqing City has risen rapidly and become a famous canal city.The prosperous economy of this city promotes the rise of framed-drum music culture.As an important part of Linqing folk culture,framed-drum in Linqing cultivated a large number of talents in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Linqing framed-drum,formerly known as "bridge driving drum" or "Gengdao Street framed-drum",is an art form of pure percussion ensemble.It originated from the Jie drum of the Tang Dynasty and was prevailing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In May 2021,Linqing framed-drum was listed in the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage.With the historical reforms and the transformation of social ideology,there is only one framed-drum team in Linqing,and only six drum cards are preserved today.The inheritance of framed-drum in Linqing is extremely rare,and it is pitiful that the drum cards have not been fully preserved.During the field investigations in recent years,the author found that Hong Yuqing,the third-generation inheritor of Linqing framed-drum,and Hong Lin,the fourth-generation inheritor,have added new musical vocabulary to Linqing framed-drum cards based on the traditional drum music,making Linqing framed-drum music more dynamic.Based on the combination of Chinese drum culture as well as Linqing framed-drum music culture and combined with the findings in previous research,this paper carries out a more in-depth study on Linqing framed-drum.With the assistance of the literature reviews and the author’s field investigations,this paper makes a detailed and strict analysis and demonstration on the origin of framed-drum in Linqing from the perspectives of geography and history.Meanwhile,this paper gives an in-depth discussion on the formed culture background of Linqing framed-drum from the perspectives of folklore and sociology.In addition,this paper also analyzes and explores the performance form,music characteristics and subsequent development of framed-drum in Linqing from the perspectives of musicology and communication.Combined with literature reviews and field investigations,this paper mainly covers the following sectors:1.By combing Chinese drum and drum culture,it leads in the fact that rooted in the folk life of Linqing,the framed-drum there is the continuation of Chinese traditional drum culture.2.Combined with the literature records and the investigations of the shape and system of the framed-drum in Linqing,it believes that Linqing framed-drum originated from the Jie drum in the Tang Dynasty,and the drum cards have a certain connection with the drum-beating order established by Li Keyong,the emperor of the Late Tang Dynasty.3.This paper also summarizes the findings of several field investigations,records the changes of Linqing framed-drum rhythms in contemporary performance as well as the structural frequencies of drum cards’ connection mode and updates the contents of drum scores of 24 Nights and Small Paigu.