Research On "water-moon Avalokitasvara Statue In The Four Years Of Chongning" In Tengzhou,shandong Province

There is a Buddhist statue in Avalokitasvara Pavilion in Tengzhou,Shandong province.The main statue is Water-moon Avalokitasvara.Attached images include images of Buddhist scriptures and several offering figures.This paper takes Tengzhou Water-moon Avalokitasvara statue,Hsuan Tsang’s scriptures collection image and inscription as the research object,uses the research methods of field investigation,literature research and image analogy to analyze the information of the times contained in Tengzhou Water-moon Avalokitasvara statue inscription,and summarizes the overall characteristics of Tengzhou Water-moon Avalokitasvara statue and its illustration.First of all,the article introduces the basic situation of Avalokitasvara Pavilion in Tengzhou,mainly explaining the geographical location,the age of the Avalokitasvara statue,the distribution and existing status of the Avalokitasvara statue and its affiliated images in the cave.Secondly,the author analyzes the identity of the statue maker of Avalokitasvara Pavilion in Tengzhou by reading the contents of the statue inscription,and explores the reasons for the appearance of Water-moon Avalokitasvara and Hsuan Tsang’s pilgrimage for buddhist scriptures from the three aspects of Avalokitasvara cult、Hsuan Tsang’s own cult、Vijbana-vada.Then,Sort out the appellation of "Avalokitasvara" and the metaphor of "Water-moon" in Buddhist scriptures.Through the record of the painting history of "Water-moon Avalokitasvara",understand the early Water-moon Avalokitasvara generation and transmission track.Finally,the regional distribution and overall characteristics of Water-moon Avalokitasvara images in Central Plains,Shaanxi(Guanzhong),Dunhuang and Sichuan(Bashu)areas during the Song Dynasty are summarized.Compared with the main image of Water-moon Avalokitasvara in Tengzhou,background elements and illustrations(especially Hsuan Tsang’s pilgrimage for Buddhist Scriptures),the overall characteristics of Water-moon Avalokitasvara in Tengzhou and its illustrations are summarized.Through reading the inscription,the age of the statue was determined to be the fourth year of Chongning(A.D.1105),and the donator were both common people and monks Yong Shen.The emergence of the theme was influenced by the cult of Avalokitasvara in Shandong province,Henan province and the local area,and Yong Shen played an important role in the construction of Water-moon Avalokitasvara.The style of Water-moon Avalokitasvara statue in Tengzhou of "one leg up,the other leg down" is influenced by the Central Plains and Shaanxi province(Guanzhong).The images of Hsuan Tsang taking scriptures have more similarities with the Shaanxi in terms of the main deity,combination form and scene.