Study On The Rise And Fall Of The Daguan Pavilion And Its Image Change In Anqing During The Ming And Qing Dynasties

The Daguan pavilion was built in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty.It is located in the hillock outside the west gate of Anqing.It is surrounded by the river in the South and Longshan in the north.In the following hundreds of years,the Daguan Pavilion experienced many times of destruction and reconstruction,its architectural scale gradually expanded,and its functional image constantly enriched and evolved.The construction of the Daguan Pavilion is directly related to the memorial of Yu Que.At the end of the Yuan Dynasty,Yu Que,the guard General of Anqing,adhered to Anqing city and resisted the Red Scarf Army.However,in the end,the city was broken and Yu que committed suicide.Chen Youliang,the general of the Red Scarf Army,felt his loyalty and asked the corpse to be buried outside the west gate of Anqing.Later,the Yuan and Ming dynasties granted Yu que the posthumous title of "Zhongxuan" and built tombs,steles and temples for him inside and outside the city of Anqing.The local government of Anqing also successively built Zhengqi building,Zhongyi temple and Lady martyr ’s temple to commemorate the defenders who followed Yu Que.As a symbol of "loyalty",Yu Que’s burial place has become the preferred place for later governments at all levels to commend martyrs.In the fourth year of Jiajing,Lu Ke,the governor of Anqing,paid tribute to Yu Que’s tomb and chose the highland next to the tomb to build the Daguan Pavilion.Then to the end of the Ming Dynasty,the Daguan Pavilion gradually became the main venue for the commemoration of the Yu Que in Anqing city and the sacrifice of "loyalty".The Daguan pavilion has been repeatedly ravaged by war since its construction.The Daguan pavilion was completely destroyed for the first time in the Ming-Qing Period,and was rebuilt during the Kangxi period.Early Qing Dynasty,the restoration of memorial buildings and the restoration of sacrificial activities centered on the Daguan Pavilion were concerned and promoted by political forces at different levels,such as governor of Cao Jiang,governor of Anhui Province,governor of Anqing Prefecture and mayor of Huaining County.During the Xiantong period,the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement swept through Anqing,and the Daguan pavilion was destroyed by war again.After the Xiang army captured Anqing in the 11 th year of Xianfeng,the Daguan pavilion was rebuilt again under the auspices of Anhui Governor Peng Yulin and political Envoy Wu Kunxiu.The reconstructed Daguan pavilion area has successively restored the original buildings such as Yu Que tomb and temple,and newly built Memorial facilities such as Shangda building and Wanghua building,forming a group of memorial buildings centered on the Daguan Pavilion.In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the exhibition hall of Xu Xilin and the tomb of the nine martyrs in Wanjiang were built again in the Daguan Pavilion area.The spirit of "loyalty " added a new connotation of the times to the Daguan Pavilion.In addition to the evolution of the historical representation of the Daguan Pavilion at the architectural level for more than 400 years,the historical essence of its landscape image is also constantly enriched and changed.Daguan pavilion was originally built to commemorate Yu Que.The earliest spatial memory comes from the tracing and inheritance of Yu Que’s "loyalty " spirit.The praise of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for the spirit of loyalty and righteousness and the praise of "loyal" scholars made local officials consciously use the Daguan Pavilion as a place to preach the Confucian ethics of "loyalty and filial piety ",and constantly use the new construction,reconstruction,repair and regular worship activities of the Daguan pavilion to build their own political image and administrative performance.At the same time,from the late Ming Dynasty,the recreational function gradually entered the memorial space of the Daguan Pavilion.More and more officials and gentry visited the Daguan Pavilion.In the process of paying tribute to Yu Que,they expressed their affection for the scenery and left a large number of excellent poems.Although the Daguan pavilion was destroyed by the war in the Ming-Qing Dynasty,in the local chronicles of Anqing in the early Qing Dynasty,"overlook in the Daguan" is still listed as one of the "Twelve sights" of the city,entering an important sequence of local cultural landscapes.With the visit of the literati,,the Daguan pavilion has become an important place for local people to gather.Ordinary people also enter this rest space,such as Qingming Festival,Dragon Boat Festival and so on.The Daguan pavilion has become a pluralistic space integrating government politics,gentry culture and people’s folk customs.Influenced by multiple factors such as Yu Que Memorial,literati writing and local culture,the Daguan Pavilion as a landscape is famous.Although it was burned again after the Xiantong war,the landscape image and cultural memory of the Daguan Pavilion experienced a sublimation.With the restoration and resurgence of the Daguan Pavilion complex during the Guangxu period of Tongzhi,the Daguan Pavilion carrying the functions of loyalty commemoration and recreational chanting has become synonymous with this piece of architecture,commemoration and sightseeing space.It is called "the first scenic spot of the Wanjiang " and has become a scenic landmark in the capital of Anhui Province and even the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Through the investigation and analysis of historical documents,it can be seen that all levels of local society in Anqing during the Ming and Qing dynasties attached great importance to the construction of the political and cultural space of the Daguan Pavilion,which was rebuilt,repaired and expanded several times.Specifically,the local famous officials led by the Anqing Prefecture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Anhui governor and chief envoy in the Qing Dynasty mainly promoted the construction of buildings and "loyalty " memorial facilities.The literati and gentry from all walks of life with local knowledge elites as the main body directly participated in the construction of cultural symbolism,while the gradual and extensive access of ordinary people to sightseeing directly promoted the establishment of the status of scenic spots.By investigating the interactive process between the image change of the Daguan Pavilion and all levels of local society,we can more clearly understand the formation and evolution of the Daguan Pavilion landscape and its far-reaching impact on Anqing local society.