The Effect Of Cognitive Ability On Middle-aged And Elderly People Exposed To Fraud

In 1956,the United Nations Population Division established a national standard for aging that the proportion of the population aged 65 and over should be higher than7%.According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China,in 2019,the proportion of the elderly over 65 years old in my country has reached 12.6% of the total population.On May 21,2021,the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China reviewed the "Decision on Optimizing the Fertility Policy to Promote Long-term Balanced Development of the Population" proposed during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period in response to the policy of population aging.However,the population policy is effective in the long term,and the degree of aging in my country will continue to deepen in the short term.Fraud has been rampant in recent years.With the increase in age of middle-aged and elderly people,the decline of cognitive ability,the accumulation of wealth and the increase of loneliness,the middle-aged and elderly people have become the high-frequency targets of fraud,and the economic losses caused by fraud are related to Psychological trauma is immeasurable,and it is of significant social significance to study the relative impact of cognitive ability and other factors on middle-aged and elderly people suffering from fraud.Using data from CHARLS in 2018,this paper uses probit and tobit models to explore the impact of cognitive function and connection with children on middle-aged and elderly people’s exposure to fraud and losses.It also studies loneliness,social interaction,health and other factors on the impact of fraud on middle-aged and elderly people,and for the endogeneity problem,the highest education level of one parent of the respondents was selected as an instrumental variable to carry out iv-probit and iv-tobit regression.At the same time,heterogeneity analysis was carried out according to different age and cognitive ability,and the range of cognitive ability samples was re-regressed for robustness test.In addition,the mechanism analysis is carried out.According to the mediation effect analysis,whether to use the Internet variables and the existing social variables of the model is introduced to analyze the impact of fraud on the middle-aged and the elderly;Partial regression of memory,computing power,etc.,to explore the mechanism of cognitive ability damage to different types of fraud.The main body of this paper is divided into six parts.The first part is the introduction,which introduces the research background,research significance,innovation points and shortcomings of this paper;the second part is the theoretical part,which introduces the domestic and foreign research results and related theoretical definitions.The third part is the empirical design part,which introduces the definition of cognitive ability of the main explanatory variables,the definition of explained variables,and the setting of control variables.The fourth part introduces the data sources and conducts descriptive statistical analysis;the fifth part is the empirical analysis part,through probit,tobit benchmark regression analysis,iv-probit,iv-tobit instrumental variable regression analysis,mechanism analysis,heteroscedasticity analysis and robustness Test and other researches on the influence of middle-aged and elderly people exposed to fraud,whether they are damaged after exposure to fraud,and the amount of loss.The sixth part is the conclusion and policy recommendations.The research results show that:(1)Cognitive ability will have a significant positive impact on middle-aged and elderly people suffering from fraud,that is,the higher the cognitive ability,the greater the possibility of middle-aged and elderly people suffering from fraud.(2)Cognitive ability has a significant negative impact on the damage and loss of middle-aged and elderly people after suffering from fraud,that is,although middle-aged and elderly people with higher cognitive ability are more likely to be exposed to fraud,they are not easily damaged after exposure to fraud.If there is a loss,the amount is relatively small(3)Contact with children has a significant negative impact on middle-aged and elderly people suffering from fraud,but the overall impact is not significant in terms of whether they are damaged after being defrauded and the amount of loss.Well-connected middle-aged and older adults are less vulnerable to sales scams.(4)Women are more likely to be exposed to fraud,but they are less vulnerable to fraud;married middle-aged and elderly people are less vulnerable to fraud;middle-aged and elderly people with a high education level are less vulnerable to fraud.Healthy,social-loving middle-aged and elderly people are more exposed to scams.(5)Middle-aged and elderly people who have been deceived before are more likely to be exposed to fraud,and are more easily damaged after exposure,and the amount of loss is relatively higher.In the end,this paper gives the emphasis on strengthening the crackdown on illegal and fraudulent behaviors,increasing the publicity of anti-fraud knowledge and improving the anti-fraud cognition of groups with low cognitive ability,increasing the construction of elderly care services,elderly universities,and community public places,and promoting pensions.The development of the third pillar,and the children’s own advice to "go home often".It proposes targeted policy recommendations from the government,society and individual levels,aiming to provide reference for fraud prevention measures for middle-aged and elderly people to improve their cognitive ability,prevent fraud,and have a happy and happy old age.