A Study On The Relationship Between Machiavellianism And Academic Delay Of Gratification

At present,the academic research on delayed satisfaction is gradually refined.Academic delayed gratification helps to understand and explain students’ behavior in the learning environment.Since learning is one of the main tasks of adolescents,it is necessary to study the academic delay of gratification in adolescents.Previous studies have shown that personality is a predictor of individual delayed gratification.Machiavellianism,as the representative of dark personality traits,has gradually attracted the attention of academic circles.Previous studies have also proved that there is a correlation between the concept of future time and academic delay of gratification.However,few studies pay full attention to the relationship between the three.In addition,the researchers believe that culture can affect the development of individual self-concept and self-cognition.Therefore,this study constructs a complete framework to study the relationship between Machiavellianism and academic delay of gratification and its internal mechanism.Study 1: Objective: To test the relationship between Machiavellianism and academic delay of gratification,and to investigate the mediating role of future time perspective and gender differences between them.Methods: Taking 467 middle school students in a middle school as subjects,the Chinese version of Machiavellian scale,the power of junior middle school students’ future time perspective scale and the middle school students’ academic delayed gratification scale were used to study.Results:(1)there was a significant negative correlation between Machiavellianism and academic delay of gratification(r=-0.39,p< 0.001),a significant negative correlation between Machiavellianism and future time perspective(r=-0.32,p<0.001),and a significant positive correlation between future time perspective and academic delay of gratification(r= 0.48,p< 0.001);(2)Future time perspective plays a partial mediating role between Machiavellianism and academic delayed gratification;(3)The results of multi-group analysis of mediation model verify that there are significant gender differences in the model.(4)Gender regulates the influence path of Machiavellianism on future time perspective in the mediation model.Conclusion: future time perspective plays a partial mediating role between Machiavellianism and academic delay of gratification,and the gender difference is significant.Study 2: Objective: Based on the study of an intermediary model and social culture theory,achievement motivation and adversity belief are introduced as regulatory variables to verify the regulated intermediary model.Methods: Taking 607 middle school students as the research object,the hypothesis model was tested by Machiavellian Chinese version,junior middle school students’ future time perspective,academic delay satisfaction scale,achievement motivation scale and adversity belief scale.Results:(1)Machiavellianism was significantly negatively correlated with academic delayed gratification(r=-0.38,p< 0.001),future time perspective(r =-0.33,p< 0.001),achievement motivation(r =-0.33,p< 0.001)and adversity belief(r =-0.37,p< 0.001).Achievement motivation was negatively correlated with adversity belief(r = 0.32,p< 0.001),future time perspective(r= 0.42,p< 0.001)There was a significant positive correlation between academic delay and satisfaction(r = 0.36,p<0.001);(2)Achievement motivation can play a moderating role in the mediating model of Machiavellianism,future time perspective and academic delay of gratification,and only regulate the influence path of Machiavellianism on future time perspective;(3)Adversity belief can play a moderating role in the mediating model of Machiavellianism,future time perspective and academic delay of gratification,and only regulate the influence path of Machiavellianism on future time perspective;(4)Achievement motivation and adversity belief can play a joint regulatory role in the intermediary model of Machiavellianism,future time perspective and academic delay of gratification,and only regulate the influence path of Machiavellianism on future time perspective.Conclusion: Achievement Motivation and adversity belief not only play a regulatory role in the mediation model,but also play a joint regulatory role in the mediation model.Conclusion:(1)Future time perspective plays a mediating role between Machiavellianism and Academic delay of gratification.(2)There are gender differences in the mediating models of Machiavellianism,future time perspective and academic delay of gratification.(3)Both achievement motivation and adversity belief can play a moderating role in the mediating model of Machiavellianism,future time perspective and academic delay of gratification.(4)Achievement motivation and adversity belief play a joint regulatory role in the intermediary model of Machiavellianism,future time perspective and academic delay of gratification.