A Study On Japanese Textbooks For Primary Schools During The Puppet Manchukuo Perio

After the Russo-Japanese War in 1905,Japan began to gradually establish an enslaved education system in northeast China,which started a history of enslaved education for nearly 40 years.As an important part of Japan’s policy of aggression against China,the education of colonial servility carried out by Japan was formed and promoted along with its military invasion and political rule.Compared with military occupation,ethnic oppression and resource plunder,such educational aggression is more subtle and vicious,and the consequences are more serious.This paper mainly focuses on the following three parts.First,according to the three stages of colonial slavery education implemented by the Japanese colonial authorities,centering on the Japanese education in primary schools,the paper discusses the historical background,educational policy and Japanese curriculum in each period,so as to explore the advancement of Japanese education in the Puppet Manchu period.Secondly,it makes clear the changes of Japanese textbooks used in elementary schools and their compilation institutions in different periods.Finally,the author uses inductive analysis method to study the subjects of five Japanese textbooks used in primary schools during the Puppet Manchu period,and summarizes the examples in the textbooks in combination with the educational thoughts of colonial enslavement in each period.Through analysis,the following conclusions are drawn.First,according to the three stages of colonial slavery education,colonial enslaving education policy has experienced "the popularity of Japanese and Chinese students assimilation","kingdom and Japan-Manchuria united as one","Shindoism and the fascist militarism" thought of the three transformations,the status of the Japanese education from "foreign language education" into "the national language education".Secondly,from the perspective of the changes of Japanese textbooks in primary schools and the evolution of textbook compilation organizations,the Japanese textbooks in primary schools during the puppet Manchu period were in a consistent line,deeply influenced by Japanese textbooks in Japan,Chinese Taiwan and Korea.The textbook writing and education departments were dominated by the Japanese,who were able to control the ideology of the students.Japanese textbooks in primary schools were regarded by the Japanese colonial authorities as a propaganda tool for slave-oriented education.Finally,in the subjects of Japanese textbooks during the preparation period of colonial education,the thoughts of servility education are mainly demonstrated through the compilation of "professional" and "practical" knowledge and skills,and the compilation of positive "Japanese national image" and "Japanese people image".During the transition period of colonial education,the Japanese colonial authorities injected the educational ideas of "kingcraft doctrine" and "Japan-Manchuria united as one" into Japanese textbooks to promote the strengthening of colonial rule.In the Japanese textbooks during the colonial period of full implementation,the "kingcraft doctrine" of the colonial education transition into "Shindoism",In addition,with the outbreak of The Second World War,Japanese colonial authorities hoped to instill fascist militarism in students through Japanese textbooks,so that students could devote themselves to the "Greater East Asia Jihad" and become labor force and cannon fodder in the war.In a word,Japanese education was carried out as an important educational policy of Japanese servility in the colonies or occupied territories.At the same time,as the primary school stage is an important period for the formation of students’ national consciousness,Japan puts emphasis on the implementation of Japanese education in the primary school stage.Japanese textbooks,as a tool to implement Japanese language education,hidden the Japanese colonial authorities’ strong awareness of slavery education,is an important way to grasp the status of the colonized enslaved education during the Puppet Manchu period.