From "Tian Build And Human Achieve" To "Sageliness Within And Kingliness Without"

Xunzi was the master of Pre-Qin Confucianism and Pre-Qin Philosophers.Xunzi made a certain improvement and development of Confucianism based on the background of the times and social reality at that time.Based on the social reality and the needs of political construction at that time,Xunzi constructed a political ideological system based on the theory of "evil nature" and aimed at "living in groups as oneness".The establishment of this system perfected the "outer king"path in the field of empiricism for Confucianism.This article attempts to sort out and analyze Xunzi’s theory of human nature through three parts,and compares it with Mencius and Neo-Confucianism to analyze the commonalities of Confucianism in the theory of human nature.The first part attempts to interpret Xunzi’s "Theory of Evil in Nature" and compare it with Mencius’s "Theory of Good Nature".In fact,Xunzi’s evil nature is not a negation of the Confucian system of benevolence and righteousness,but a supplement to the field of experience.It is by no means diametrically opposed to Mencius’s good nature,the difference between the two lies in the different delineation of human nature and the concept of good and evil.The nature of Mencius is the social concept of "the reason why people are human",while the nature of Xunzi is the natural concept of "the Tian of nature".Combined with Mr.Feng Youlan’s analysis of the theory of human nature,it analyzes the different connotations of each concept in Xunzi and Mencius’s theory of human nature.In the second part,the difference between Xun and Meng is not only in the concept but also in the different perspectives.Xunzi’s evil nature evaluates the nature of nature based on socialized standards,so there is inevitably a tendency to be evil.While Mencius is good in nature,he evaluates the standard itself from an individual perspective,so it is impossible to be bad.This shows that the essence of the problem of good and evil in human nature lies in the contradiction between the group and self,which is not only the contradiction between individual nature and sociality,but also the contradiction between individual virtue and group standards.At the same time,Xunzi stripped away the personality and mystery of "Tian" by "clearing the distinction between Tian and human ",and established the dialectical relationship"heaven creating and human Achieving ",which is the unity of opposites between man and nature.Although Xunzi talks about "dividing",it is not that heaven and man are completely separated,but that Tian and human keep their duties.The third part attempts to analyze the unresolved sources of ritual in the first part.The relationship between individuals is becoming more and more complicated.For the stability of the group,it is necessary to generate a group consensus.The approach of benevolence,righteousness and propriety is the embodiment of this consensus building process.Valid circumstantial evidence for this process can be achieved by introducing relevant theories about genetic social selection in modern natural philosophy.For individuals in social groups that have reached a certain consensus,they also have a process of gradually approaching the rational standard of the group.This process is a retrospective of propriety,righteousness and benevolence to itself,and based on a social perspective,it is an individual’s approach of sageliness within and kingliness without.This article takes Xunzi’s thought on human nature as an opportunity to sort out Xunzi’s thought,and thinks about human nature and social organization through the unity of individual and group.Try to understand Xunzi and Mencius’s thought on human nature,and try to reconstruct the Confucian thought of human nature on the basis of Xunzi’s thought.