A Study Of Qi Comparative Sentence In Shandong Dialect

The Qi sentence("起" 字句)is a unique comparative sentence in Shandong dialect,which belongs to the postpositional marker comparative sentence,the typical constituent order type of comparative sentences in ancient Chinese.In modern Chinese dialects,this type of comparative sentences are mainly distributed in southern regions,and are not common in northern dialects.As a special constituent order type in northern dialects,the Qi sentence is of great value to linguistic typology.Previous studies mainly focused on single-spot investigation and description,and haven’t formed a detailed and comprehensive system of Qi sentence.On the basis of previous studies,this paper systematically analyzes and summarizes the use of the Qi sentences in 60 dialect spots in Shandong Province,and uses theoretical knowledge of typology,dialect geography,semantics and pragmatics to analyze the co-temporal distribution,syntactic structural features,semantic and pragmatic functions and historical evolution of the Qi sentence in Shandong dialect.The innovation of this paper is to build a synchronic syntactic system of Qi sentence in three levels:sentence type,sentence pattern and internal structure,and to classify the dialects into three categories:free-type,restricted-type and residual-type,according to the current situation of Qi sentence.At the same time,though the investigation,this paper also discovered a transitional sentence pattern of Qi sentence and some grammaticalized fixed structures,which provide some linguistic factual evidence for the evolution of Qi sentence.The paper is divided into six chapters,of which chapters 2 and 3 are the main part of the paper.The first chapter is "Introduction".This chapter gives an overview of the geography and population,history and dialects of Shandong Province;explains the reason for the selection of this paper,the current status of previous researches,and the significance of the selection;introduces the research materials and methods of this paper,and explains the dialect spots,informants and symbols.The second chapter is about the Qi sentence and distribution in Shandong dialect.In this chapter,the definition and geographical distribution of Qi sentence is explained,and the dialect spots are classified into three categories according to the current situation of Qi sentence.Then,we expound the syntactic features of the residual-type.The third chapter is "Syntactic Structure Analysis of Qi Sentence".In this chapter,we divide the Qi sentence into three categories,affirmative,negative and interrogative forms from the semantic point of view,and discuss the distribution of the nine sentence forms,the objects of comparison,the results of comparison,the usage of adverbial and complementary components,the restrictions and their distribution.Finally,the differences in sentence form and internal structure are analyzed by integrating the previous contents.The fourth chapter is "Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis of Qi Sentence".This chapter analyzes the subaudition,presupposition and adjectival preferences of the Qi sentence from the semantic and pragmatic perspectives,and focuses on the similarities and differences of the three sentences "Bu+Adj+Qi","Mei+Adj+Qi" and"Adj+Bu+Qi".The fifth chapter is "The Diachronic Study of the Qi Sentence".This chapter is divided into two parts:Firstly,this section discusses the usage of Qi Sentence in Shandong dialect of Ming and Qing Dynasties and the source of comparative mark Qi.Secondly,this section analyzes the development and decline of the Qi sentence since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The sixth chapter is "Epilogue".In this chapter we summarize the previous contents,analyze the deficiencies and prospects of this study.