A Study On The Structure Of "X着呢" For Chinese Second Language Teachin

Facing the practice of teaching Chinese as a second language,this paper studies the basic usage of“X+zhene（着呢）”construction and the acquisition of this structure by learners of Chinese as a second language,and gives teaching suggestions.We believe that in a broad sense,the construction of“X+zhene”in modern Chinese should be divided into at least three categories:（Ⅰ）“Verb+zhene”（Ⅱ）“Adjective+zhene”（Ⅲ）“Quasi-adjective+zhene”.In order to facilitate the investigation,we only select the categories of（Ⅰ）and（Ⅱ）as the research object.We find that:First,when X is an adjective,the string sequence of“Adjective+zhene”can further be divided into two types,namely“Adjective+zhe/+ne”and“Adjective/+zhene”.Second,the construction of“X+zhene”is a continuum.We believe that the“zhene₂”in“Adjective+zhene”is the projection of the“zhene₁”in“Verb+zhene”in the cognitive domain,and“zhe₂”in“zhene₂”expresses a more abstract[-bounded]meaning than“zhe₁”in“zhene₁”.Through the above analysis,we divide the grammatical continuum of“X+zhene”construction into five stages,which are:“Verb+zhe/+ne”（“ne”belongs to the whole sentence）;“Verb+zhe/+ne”（“ne”can be analyzed as belonging to the whole sentence or to“Verb+zhene”）;“Verb+zhe/+ne”;“Adjective+zhe/+ne”and“Adjective/+zhene”.We think that at the synchronic linguistic level,the word“zhene”has not yet fully grammaticalized.From the perspective of textbooks for teaching Chinese as a foreign language to investigate the setting of“X+zhene”structure,we found that in the textbooks there still exist cases that lack of attention of“X+zhene”structure,interpretation of it is not thorough and enough,insufficient understanding of the relation between“Verb+zhene”and“Adjective+zhene”,not take“X+zhene”as a specialized grammatical construction,The course arrangement is not reasonable enough,etc.In terms of the acquisition of“X+zhene”construction by learners of Chinese as a second language,the errors of second language learners can be roughly divided into several types,which are improper use,errors related to adverbs,errors related to verb-object construction and clutch words,incomplete ideographic errors,tense errors,sentence pattern errors and discourse errors.After analysis,it is found that the errors of second language learners are distributed in each link of the grammaticalization chain,and the errors are not concentrated in one certain type.In addition,many learners of Chinese as a second language cannot tell whether“ne”belongs to the whole sentence or“X+zhene”construction.The errors in the use of“X+zhene”construction by learners of Chinese as a second language are not only related to the expression of the speaker’s subjective attitude and the complex structure type,but also related to the lack of Chinese language sense and the weak foundation of Chinese language.This article suggested comprehensive considerations of“X+zhene”construction evolution process and they are on the ease of grammaticalization continuum,from the form of students easy to understand,from easy to complex,step by step to carry out the“X+zhene”construction of teaching,first clear“Verb+zhene”and“Adjective+zhene”these two kinds of typical usage of“X+zhene”construction,and get familiar with the rest of the continuum.In view of the difficulty of acquisition,this paper suggests that the“X+zhene”construction should be avoided in the teaching process of primary level Chinese learners,and the teaching can only be introduced in the middle and advanced stages.