Research On Campaign Of Liquidating Illiteracy In USSR(1919-1939)

Soviet Russia launched a campaign of liquidating illiteracy in 1919.USSR successfully made a leap to across the gap between mass illiteracy and mass literacy in only 20 years,it also fostered a strong atmosphere of culture,turned itself into a country possessing advanced technology and education system.As the forerunner of achieving quickly rise of culture level in formerly backward country in terms of culture,its experience in liquidating illiteracy is still worthy of researching.Not only could it provide guide for other countries which still face the huge task of liquidating illiteracy,but also it is valuable in better understanding of the early stage in development of Soviet regime.Leaders of communist party and government such as Lenin and Stalin had always placed much importance on the matter of liquidating illiteracy,and they saw it as an essential factor in building socialist society.Besides,this was a prerequisite for consolidating new horned regime,recovering national economy that had suffered much during the Great War and finally catching up to Western countries.Therefore,Soviet government countinously supported this campaign with countless efforts.For the successfully launching of campaign,government issued 1919’s Law of Liquidating Illiteracy and established corresponding organization like Gramcheka to provided financial support,equipped schools for illiterates with necessary materials and treachers.Soviet government also created a system of education illiterates for the purpose that illiterates could be certificated to make contribution to the construction of national economy after they graduded from schools.However,there were chaos in the early stage of liquidating illiteracy,and the implementation of NEP furthermore worsen the work of liquidating illiteracy.Owing to the recovering of national economy and growing of its significance,it was in Stalin era that campaign be merged into the unified state plan,ran deep into every region and every nation.Special attention was paid to this campaign in minor nations for USSR was a multi-nation country.Under the great support of policy from government,these nations basically completed liquidating of illiteracy in 1930s,and many nations that were formerly mainly consisted of illiterates now becoming nations rich in culture.Liquidating illiteracy in red army both began and finished sooner than the whole country,it not only raised the overall quality of red army,but also made its own contribution to the campaign in nationwide.Soldiers who mastered literacy skills became teachers or promoters for culture after retiring from military service.USSR raised the level of culture among its citizens,developed its national economy by launching this campaign.The most important fact was that with the combination of political education and literacy education,spirit of citizens was changed.Once ignorant became illuminated,and gate of knowledge was thus opened for them.Those once illiterate got the chance to engage in the construction of new world,took part in political activities,and thus became the New Socialist Man.