The Study On Faunal Remains During 2018 Excavation At Qingqiu Mound Site In Heze,Shandong

Qingqiu mound site is located in Sixifan village,Malinggang town,Mudan district,Heze city,Shandong Province.The existing mound is in the shape of a bucket,7 meters above the ground.The terrain around the site is flat.Northwest of the site is about 1 kilometer to the city wall of Yuanju Gucheng.The site contains cultural relics from five periods of Longshan,Shang,Zhou,Han,and Ming and Qing.The faunal remains unearthed at the Qingqiu mound site are very rich,including mammals,amphibians,reptiles,birds,fish and mollusks.The specific species include pigs,cattle,sheep,dogs,horses,tigers,vulpes corsac,raccoon dogs,Wolves,domestic chickens,domestic ducks,pheasants,peregrine falcons,toads,turtles,triangle sail mussel,etc.According to the analysis results of the NISP and MNI of individuals unearthed in the Site.Deer was the main animal resource used by people in the Longshan period,followed by pigs and cattle.The number and proportion of pigs,cattle and dogs rose rapidly during the Shang dynasty occupying the main position,domestic horses began to appear.The livestock breeding industry at the mound site began to develop rapidly During the Zhou Dynasty,Han Dynasty,and Ming and Qing Dynasties,the scale of livestock breeding at the Qingqiu mound site continued to expand.And the proportion of pigs always exceeded 50%,occupying an absolute dominant position.Through the observation and analysis of the age structure,the distribution of bone parts,the disease,and the traces on the surface of the bones.The domestic pigs mainly provide meat resources.Cattle are raised by the use of secondary products.Cattle limb bones are also important raw materials for the production of bone artifacts of the ancestors.While defending their homes and accompanying their owners,dogs will also become the meat choices of the ancestors to improve their diet.In addition,the ancestors will make full use of the surrounding environment of the site to obtain shells and make tools.Special buried animals in the Qingqiu mound site were found in both the Shang and Han dynasties.In the Shang Dynasty,the ancestors would choose cattle,horses,pigs,dogs and sheep for sacrifice activities.Among them,high-level cows and horses were the main ones,which should be related to the sacrifice purpose of the ancestors.In the Han Dynasty,people would choose domestic animals such as pigs,dogs and chickens to bury with the owners to restore their life during their lifetimes.Which reflecting the ancestors of the Qingqiu mound site which the concept of treating death as life.Based on the comparison of the similarities and differences between the use of faunal remains from the Qingqiu mound site and other sites during the Shang and Zhou dynasties.During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.Although the ancestors did not adopt a unique production structure in their daily lives to deal with frequent floods,but they would choose to sacrifice high-level sacrifices to the gods in order to pray for the safety of their home.