Study On Bone Arrowheads Of Shang And Zhou Dynasties Unearthed At Xitou Site

There are a large number of Shang and Zhou dynasties bone arrowheads unearthed from the Xitou site in Xunyi County,Shanxi Province,and there are obvious differences in morphological characteristics and production techniques.Based on the case study of the Xitou ruins,this article analyzes the unearthed finished products,semi-finished bones and deer antlers in typology,and combines the observation of micro-traces and simulation experiments to explore the differences in the production process and functional uses of different shapes of bone arrowheads and their production.Degree of specialization.On this basis,compare the shape of bone arrowhead seen in the Guanzhong area at the same time,and discuss the evolution law of the bone arrowhead shape in the region during the Shang and Zhou dynasties and the cultural exchanges and interactions they reflected.The content of this article is mainly divided into six chapters:Chapter One Introduction.Mainly introduce the reason for the topic,the research object and the scope of time and space,the brief history of the research,the research purpose and methods.The second chapter is the study on the morphology of the bones at the Xitou site during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.According to the winged or non-winged arrowheads,the bone arrowheads seen at the Xitou site are divided into A and B categories.Among them,the type B wingless spine accounts for 83%,and the type A winged spine accounts for 17%.In the pre-Zhou period,the three-cornered bones were mainly prevalent at the Xitou site.From the late Xianzhou to the early Western Zhou period,double-winged,conical,and triangular-shaped harriers were popular.Prismatic Harp.hapter 3,the production process of the bone arrowheads at the Xitou site.Through the identification of the species of antlers,semi-finished products,and finished bone antlers unearthed at the Xitou site in the Shang and Zhou dynasties,and micro-mark observation,the production process of the bone arrowheads of the Xitou site is restored.It is mainly divided into six steps:raw material preparation→cutting Corner material→cut corner strips→making rough stock→polishing and forming→fine processing;through the simulation experiment of bone shading production,new understanding of bone shading production technology and factors affecting the production efficiency of bone shading has been obtained;and the bone shading and related Analysis of the number of products and the unearthed background suggests that the scale of the production of bone arrowheads at the Xitou site is a small family-style bone-making workshop with a low degree of specialization.The fourth chapter is the study of the function of the bone arrowheads at the Xitou site.Based on historical documents and related archaeological findings,it is inferred that the bone arrowheads have a certain indicative significance to the ancient war conflicts,combined with the identification and analysis of the natural environment and animal ruins,the observation of the traces of the use of bone arrowheads,and the bone arrowheads lethality test experiments,it is inferred that the Xitou site The function of bone harrier may be used for war,hunting or shooting,and a new understanding of the penetrating power and lethality of different shapes of bone harrier has been obtained.The fifth chapter is a comparative study of the bones of the Xitou site and the Guanzhong area.Using statistics,typology,and cultural factor analysis to study the bone arrowheads of the Guanzhong area during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties,it is found that there are certain differences in the distribution characteristics of the bones of the Guanzhong area in the Jinghe Basin,the eastern part of the Guanzhong and the western part.In addition,from the perspective of the inheritance and innovation of the shape of the bones,the shape of the bones of the Guanzhong area was not only influenced by the Shang cultural factors,but also absorbed the cultural factors of the northern region.Chapter Six,Conclusion.Summarize the conclusions of this article.