| On March 20,2023,the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other departments jointly issued the ’ Notice of the Ministry of Housing and UrbanRural Development and other departments on the publication of the sixth batch of villages included in the list of traditional Chinese villages ’.The number of traditional villages of the Bai nationality occupies the first position in Yunnan Province.The traditional villages of the Bai nationality are mainly gathered in Dali Autonomous Prefecture.The combination of backing Cangshan Mountain and living near Erhai Lake is destined to have unique landscape scenery.The Bai nationality has a long history.In the 4th century,the ancestors of the Bai nationality settled near Erhai Lake.After a long period of historical deduction and development,they formed a unique cultural landscape.However,in recent years,due to modernization in construction and the development of tourism,the style of Bai traditional villages has been destroyed.This paper aims to evaluate the spatial aesthetics of Bai traditional villages from the perspective of spatial aesthetics,identify the spatial aesthetic genes of villages,and provide theoretical support for the protection and development of Bai traditional villages.The research results show that:(1)The traditional villages of the Bai nationality in Yunnan are divided into 13 spatial types,and their spatial characteristics are discussed.The richness and diversity of each village spatial type were calculated.The results showed that the richness and diversity of the five sample villages were not much different.The richness and diversity of Jianchuan ancient town,Shaxi ancient town,Baofeng village,and Xizhou ancient town were significantly higher than those of Nuodeng village,which may be related to its human planning and design.(2)The average value of SBE in different spatial levels from high to low is the village ontology layer,building space layer,water space layer,vegetation space layer,road space layer,and farmland space layer.The average value of SBE in different villages,from high to low,is Jianchuan ancient town,Nuodeng village,Xizhou ancient town,Shaxi ancient town,and Baofeng village.The average value of SBE in different ages from high to low is the beginning of the 21 st century,the present stage,and the1980 s and 1990 s.The SBE value of the village ontology layer is significantly correlated with the proportion of water area,the openness of vision,the integrity of village style,the clarity of hierarchy,and the sense of hierarchy of mountain space.The SBE value of the building space layer is significantly correlated with the architectural form,building quality,old and new degrees of the building facade,architectural elements,and architectural decoration.The SBE value of the water space layer was significantly correlated with the vegetation around the water body,the flatness of the terrain around the water body,the cleanliness of the water quality,the biological species in the water body,and the openness of the water field.The SBE value of the road space layer is significantly correlated with the richness of the road pavement form,road pavement quality,road cleanliness,landscape sketch richness,and roadside vegetation.The SBE value of the farmland spatial layer was significantly correlated with the regularity of farmland,the vegetation around farmland,the openness of farmland vision,the richness of farmland color,and the concentration of farmland morphology.The SBE value of the vegetation space layer is significantly correlated with the vegetation growth status,vegetation color richness,vegetation growth naturalness,and vegetation picture field openness.The threshold of scenic beauty is calculated at three levels: different spatial levels,different villages,and different ages.The results show that the landscape of Bai traditional villages has aesthetic value.(3)From 13 spatial types,12 gene loci and 38 spatial aesthetic genes were identified and extracted,and the spatial aesthetic gene map was constructed.The village site selection tends to follow nature ’,the natural artistic conception pays attention to the ’ harmony between man and nature ’,the ’ virtual and real ’,the ’ poetic and picturesque,and the humanistic artistic conception pays attention to feng shui,religious concepts,and folk belief ’.The formal beauty elements in the traditional villages of the Bai nationality mainly include color,line,and collection form,following the formal beauty rules of master-slave and key,symmetry and balance,diversity,and unity.The Bai people integrate the vision and thought of life into the aesthetics of space and express it in the art forms of color painting,wood carving,clay sculpture,and tie-dying.The top fifteen importance values are ranked from high to low,and it is found that eight of them are related to formal beauty.In addition,all spatial aesthetic genes appear most in the architectural space layer,road space layer,and vegetation space layer,indicating that the aesthetic value of architectural space,road space,and vegetation space occupies an important position in the aesthetic value of the whole village road.The richness and diversity of spatial aesthetic genes in the five villages are not much different.The area with the highest spatial gene richness is Nuodeng Village,which may be related to the small village area.The spatial aesthetic gene diversity of Nuodeng Village,Baofeng Village,and Xizhou Ancient Town is higher,which may be related to the lack of largescale manual intervention.(4)Based on the spatial aesthetic genes identified and extracted,the principles of comprehensiveness,locality,advancing with the times,and gene inheritance based on the principle of people first are put forward,and the current dilemma of spatial aesthetic gene inheritance in Yunnan Bai traditional villages is analyzed.It is concluded that the inheritance path of the spatial aesthetic gene in Bai traditional villages is conservation gene,replication gene,and editing gene;it puts forward the inheritance and protection strategies of traditional villages that focus on the protection of the diversity and integrity of spatial genes,the legislation of spatial aesthetics protection in traditional villages,and the protection of traditional villages to promote the revitalization and development of rural areas. |
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