| This paper takes 30 national-level traditional villages in Guizhou karst area as the research object,evaluates the spatial aesthetic quality of traditional villages through the integration of literature,field survey and photo sampling,questionnaire survey and mathematical analysis;and organizes the traditional villages to get the overall aesthetic characteristics;extracts the aesthetic genes of traditional villages on this basis;and then researches the characteristics of traditional villages’ spatial aesthetic genes;and attempts to Through the evaluation of the aesthetic quality of the traditional villages in Guizhou Karst and the study of their spatial aesthetic characteristics,we attempt to explore the intrinsic connection between human-land relationship and aesthetic consciousness of the traditional villages,and to protect and pass on the aesthetic culture of the traditional villages.The main research results are as follows:(1)The overall characteristics of the aesthetics of traditional karst villages in Guizhou are obvious,and it is a typical sample of traditional villages in the country.Guizhou is historically the origin of several ethnic minorities,and at the same time,the broken topography,mostly ancient cliffs,no plain support in the province,and inconvenient transportation give Guizhou an important location feature in the west of China,which is the reservation of the diversified spatial aesthetics system of ethnic minorities,and the spatial aesthetic features of traditional villages are more obvious,and the process of the formation of spatial aesthetics system has typicality and representativeness.Summarized according to the historical location features,village layout ideological features,architectural features,physical features,cultural features,the history of traditional villages in Guizhou karst region has regional spatial aesthetic features,original life production aesthetic features,and diversified regional ethnic aesthetic features.The core of geomancy planning lies in site selection and layout,and the karst traditional villages are characterized by the spatial aesthetics of the beauty of the mountains,the beauty of the water on the back of the mountains and the beauty of the fields on the back of the mountains.Traditional buildings are mostly ethnic minority dwellings,and the building structures are generally brick,wood,masonry and stone,forming unique architectural aesthetic features of Guizhou karst traditional villages.The primitive object features are mainly nature worship,ancestor worship and totem worship,forming the aesthetic features of ritual worship in Guizhou karst traditional villages.The core of group consciousness of Guizhou karst traditional villages is influenced by Confucian culture,and the idea of "unity of heaven and mankind" in Chinese classical aesthetics has a strong guiding effect on the establishment of spatial aesthetics system of Guizhou karst traditional villages.(2)The aesthetic characteristics of Guizhou karst traditional villages are obvious.The aesthetic quality of Guizhou karst traditional villages has a beauty degree value between-0.81 and 0.56.The aesthetic quality values of different types of spaces,from high to low,are: form and shape,life and production,ecological environment,and traditional art.among the 30 traditional villages,the aesthetic quality values of Jiaochong Village,Xinjian Village,and Wanzizhai Group of Dongguan Village are higher,and the average values of the aesthetic quality of Iwazhai Village,Xiushui Village,and Rengang Village are lower.Correlation analysis shows that the correlation between "naturalness","locality" and SBE value is more significant.Linear regression shows that "naturalness" and "locality" have a greater positive effect on the aesthetic quality of traditional villages,while "interestingness" has the opposite effect.Statistical analysis shows that the sense of spatial hierarchy,the sense of road lines,architectural features and the sense of road pleasure have a significant effect on the aesthetic quality of traditional villages.Architectural color characteristics,road line sense,road pleasantness,coordination between road and surrounding environment and spatial hierarchy of plant communities have a strong influence on the semantic analysis elements of the aesthetic quality of some karst traditional villages.(3)Identification and characterization of spatial aesthetic genes of traditional villages in karst in Guizhou.The natural environment structure of traditional villages in Guizhou karst region is categorized into three overall morphological beauty types,which are: the beauty of the mountains,the beauty of the water on the back of the mountains,and the beauty of the fields on the back of the mountains.The traditional villages in Guizhou karst region are mainly divided into architectural monolithic beauty,architectural combination beauty and channel beauty.The traditional villages of Guizhou karst region are mainly divided into skyline level beauty and virtual space penetration beauty.The color beauty of traditional villages in karst region of Guizhou is mainly divided into dark grey,brown,light warm grey and cold grey.The beauty of agricultural life in Guizhou karst traditional villages is mainly divided into the beauty of farmland and the beauty of life.The beauty of natural coordination of Guizhou karst traditional villages is mainly divided into the beauty of natural elements such as mountains,water and forests.The beauty of mountain and river wildness of Guizhou karst traditional villages is mainly divided into the beauty of natural animal elements such as fish,insects,birds and animals.The beauty of national art heritage of Guizhou karst traditional villages is mainly divided into the beauty of national costumes and the beauty of national art performance.The beauty of folk culture of Guizhou karst traditional villages mainly includes the beauty of rituals and traditional folklore.(4)Conservation and utilization of spatial aesthetic features of Guizhou karst traditional villages.The study of Guizhou karst traditional villages found that there is a lack of scientific,holistic and systematic protection of the spatial aesthetic features of Guizhou karst traditional villages.This makes the traditional villages form the phenomenon of difficult operation and narrow coverage in specific protection measures.Combining the principles of originality,protection of cultural lineage,introduction of modern aesthetic consciousness,non-interference in villagers’ life style,and sustainable development into the specific measures for traditional villages in Guizhou Karst can effectively improve the role of cultural heritage protection theories in the protection of traditional villages.Accurately grasp the protection focus and development direction of the spatial aesthetic characteristics of Guizhou karst traditional villages.The protection of the spatial aesthetic features of Guizhou karst traditional villages can be combined with digital equipment,the establishment of the museum of spatial aesthetics of karst traditional villages,the special protection of the core area,and the camping and restoration to ensure a greater degree of public participation of the four programs in conjunction with each other under the mutual complementation of each other,and jointly promote the protection and development of the spatial aesthetic features of the karst traditional villages. |
