Economic Manuscripts 1857-1858 Human Freedom Develops In An All-round Way Into Intellectual Inquiry

As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era,the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into a contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development,and human development is also facing new circumstances.The exploration of the idea of free and comprehensive development of man in the Economic Manuscript of1857-1858(hereinafter referred to as the "Manuscript")will help us better build a society to meet the needs of the people for a better life,and help us comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization in theory and practice,advance towards communism,and ultimately realize the free and comprehensive development of everyone.On the basis of in-depth study of the manuscript,the full paper first explores whether Marx’s development thought originated from the dialectical negation of German classical philosophy,the criticism of British classical political economy,and the rejection of utopian socialism,and then combined with the increasingly acute social contradictions at that time,the comprehensive alienation of human labor and relations,and the outbreak of the workers’ movement without satisfying "inhuman life",and further elaborated the background of the formation of Marx’s human development thought.Secondly,it expounds that Marx’s "Manuscript" divides human development into the stage of human dependence,the stage of material dependence and the stage of free individuality from the relationship between man and community and combined with social form.In the third stage,people achieve true freedom and comprehensive development,which is embodied in the fact that everyone can get rid of all kinds of restrictions and constraints,develop themselves according to their own interests and hobbies,realize free and conscious labor,have sufficient free time,fully satisfy material and spiritual needs,fully develop abilities and social relations,and finally form a free personality.Through the analysis of the basic connotation of the comprehensive development of human freedom,the historical,conditional,autonomous and other characteristics of human freedom are summarized,which is also the innovation of this paper.Third,in the further combing of the manuscript,the conditions and ways to realize Marx’s free and comprehensive development of man are explored,that is,vigorously developing productive forces,building harmonious social relations,obtaining sufficient free time,and dialectically viewing the role of capital.Finally,the contemporary value of the theory of human development in the manuscript is discussed from both theoretical and practical aspects,and the concept of people supremacy and the idea of association of free people embodied in it provides value guidance for the people-centered development thinking and the ideological foundation for the idea of a community with a shared future for mankind,which is conducive to vigorously developing productive forces to meet the needs of the people for a better life and promoting cultural construction in practice,thereby eliminating people’s spiritual poverty and cultivating all-round development of people through the combination of education and life practice.