| With the development of AI technology,algorithms are being increasingly applied in organizations and gradually taking on management tasks that were originally handled by human managers.With the emergence of algorithmic leadership,a new type of humanmachine interaction relationship arises between algorithmic leaders and human subordinates.Therefore,a series of questions need to be explored,such as how people react to algorithmic leaders and whether there are differences in reactions compared to human leaders.This study focuses on voice behavior,which is the typical upward communication behavior and the pro-organizational behavior.Based on the CASA theory and machine heuristic model,this study explores the relationship between leader types(algorithmic leader vs human leader vs human-algorithm collaborative leaders)and voice behavior,and analyzes the mediating mechanism of fairness perception and psychological safety and the moderating effect of voice types and task types.Study 1 explores the relationship between leader types and individual voice behavior.Study 1 includes two sub-studies: Study 1a investigates the impact of leader types(algorithmic leader vs human leader)on individual voice behavior in three organizational management situations(workshop management,driver management and market management),while Study 1b further distinguishes voice types(promotive voice vs prohibitive voice)and examines the relationship within leader types,voice types and voice behavior.Study 1 finds that people are more willing to voice to algorithmic leaders than human leaders,and this tendency is not moderated by voice type.Study 2 investigates the relationship between human-algorithm collaborative leaders and individual voice behavior to analyze the potential multiplier effect.Study 2 finds that participants are more inclined to voice to algorithmic and human-algorithm collaborative leaders compared to human leaders.However,there is no significant difference of voice behavior tendency between algorithmic and human-algorithm collaborative leaders.Study 3 investigates the role of task types in the relationship between leader types and individual voice behavior to reveal the boundary conditions.Study 3 finds that in cognitive tasks,people are more willing to make voice behavior to algorithmic leaders compared to human leaders,while there is no significant difference in emotional tasks.Study 4 investigates the mediating mechanism of the effect of leader types on individual voice behavior.Study 4 finds that leader type influences individuals’ voice behavior through three paths: the mediating role of fairness perception;the mediating role of psychological safety;the chain mediating role of fairness perception and psychological safety.In conclusion,as an exploratory study,this research finds that people are more willing to voice to algorithmic leaders compared to human leaders.This tendency is primarily reflected in cognitive tasks,while there is no significant difference in affective tasks.The reason for people’s preference for algorithmic leaders is that compared to human leaders,participants are perceived higher fairness and further experienced more psychological safety towards algorithmic leader and therefore were more willing to voice. |
