Arrangement And Study Of Bronzes Of The Eastern Zhou Dynasty Unearthed From Shijia Cemetery In Ningxian County

Shijia Cemetery in Ningxian County is one of the important archaeological discoveries of the Zhou Dynasty in recent years.A large number of bronzes have been unearthed with complete types and combinations,which adds new connotations to the splendid bronze culture of Shang and Zhou Dynasties in Longdong area.This paper takes the bronze wares of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in Shijia Cemetery as the research object,analyzes the shape,combination and decoration of bronze wares,and then discusses the cultural factors of bronze wares.At the same time,it pays attention to the information of the etiquette system reflected by the unearthed bronzes,and discusses the related issues such as the clan of the cemetery.In this paper,192 pieces of bronze wares unearthed from Shijia Cemetery are analyzed by archaeological typology,and the bronze wares are classified according to the classification of containers,weapons,chariots and horses,and funerary utensils.According to the shape of the abdomen,the Ding is divided into three types;according to the casting form,the Gui is divided into two types;according to the shape of the body,the He is divided into two types;and so on.According to the characteristics and development of the bronzes,the bronzes unearthed from Shijia Cemetery are divided into three groups.According to the shape characteristics and coexistence relationship,the three groups of Shijia bronzes are classified into the second stage.The age of the first period is about the latter part of the early Spring and Autumn Period,and the age of the second period is about the middle Spring and Autumn Period.This is the initial framework of the age of the bronze wares of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in Shijia Cemetery.The combination of bronze vessels in Shijia Cemetery can be divided into three categories: complete food vessels、liquor vessels and water vessels,food vessels and water vessels,and simple food vessels.The container as a whole is a combination of heavy food culture with the Ding and Gui as the core.The weapon of Ge and Zu as the basic combination,and the imitation bronze clay(pottery)ritual vessel as a supplement to the bronze ritual vessel,which is basically the same as the combination of bronze vessels unearthed from tombs of the same period in Guanzhong and southeastern Gansu.However,the Shijia cemetery did not strictly implement the Ding and Gui match,and the system of using Sha was not in line with the literature.The common decorative patterns of bronze wares in Shijia cemetery are mainly divided into animal and geometric types,with the former being more in number.Some decorative patterns,such as Kui dragon pattern,lag behind,and inverted Chuilin pattern is basically not seen in other areas.It shows that the decorative patterns of Shijia bronzes mainly originated from the bronze culture of the Central Plains and were localized.By using the method of cultural factor analysis,it is believed that the bronzes in Shijia cemetery include Qin culture factor,Zhou culture factor,mixed culture nature and Shijia local culture factor.According to the quantitative statistics of each cultural factor,it is concluded that the Qin culture is the main factor,followed by the Zhou culture.The Fu of Ding’s style is the product of cultural integration in marginal areas.Using the method of double evidence to discuss the clan of Shijia cemetery,it is speculated that it is "Zhou Yumin" who was deeply influenced by Qin culture.