Study On The Thoughts Of Human Liberation Of On The Jewish Question

Marx devoted himself to the study of the theory of human emancipation throughout his life,and the different stages of his theoretical exploration have demonstrated Marx’s constant concern for the real society,his comprehensive criticism of the capitalist way of development and his exploration of the free and comprehensive development of human beings.On the Jewish Question,the text of Marx’s early polemic with Bruno Powell on the Jewish question,plays an important role in the development of Marx’s thought.Based on this text,this thesis seeks to present the process of Marx’s criticism of Powell’s idea of religious emancipation and the threads of his argument by revealing the background and internal logic of his writing,so as to clarify the logic of Marx’s idea of human emancipation at that time and further explore the development of Marx’s idea of human emancipation and its revelation to the modernization construction of China.The thesis is divided into two parts.Around this theme,the thesis is roughly divided into four parts:The introduction mainly introduces the purpose and significance of the topic chosen for the dissertation.In the context of the new era,Marxism is still an important guiding light for our advancement,so the study of Marx’s classical works has profound significance for understanding Marxism,while the previous research results on Marx’s On the Jewish Question are abundant,and this dissertation composes and summarizes the current situation of domestic and foreign research in this part.Finally,the main methods and objectives in writing this dissertation are introduced,as well as the innovative aspects of the dissertation.The first chapter mainly composes the background of the idea of human emancipation in On the Jewish Question,which includes two parts: social background and theoretical background.Historically,Jews had been oppressed for a long time and still suffered from different degrees of political and religious restrictions until the 1830 s and1840s,and the issue of Jewish emancipation became an important social problem at that time.Based on this,Powell was the first to intervene in the discussion of the Jewish question,and published "The Jewish Question" and "The Ability of Modern Jews and Christians to Gain Freedom" consecutively.Marx explored the issue of human emancipation by taking the emancipation of the Jews as a clue against the misconceptions revealed in Powell’s views.Based on the text of On the Jewish Question,Chapter 2 sorts out the basic ideas of Marx’s thought on human emancipation in this period.Marx begins with a critique of Powell’s view on Jewish emancipation,pointing out that the Jewish question cannot be simply attributed to the religious question,and that Powell’s political emancipation,with the abolition of religion as its main content,has plunged people into a dualistic life,which not only fails to achieve true human emancipation,but also leads to the alienation of the political state and "civil society".The political emancipation,which Powell had mainly abolished,led to the alienation of the political state and the chaos of "civil society.On this basis,Marx revealed that behind the Jews was practical Judaism,which was based on monetary fetishism and thus held the true principles of civil society.The third chapter focuses on grasping the theoretical significance and contemporary value of the idea of human emancipation in On the Jewish Question.Marx broke through the "conservative" concept of the young Hegelians,uncovered the essence of civil society in the context of the theory of human emancipation,advanced the political critique to the critique of political economy,opened up a new line of critique of civil society,and provided an important ideological resource for the theory of human emancipation.Taking the idea of human emancipation in Marx’s On the Jewish Question as the focus,this paper explores the inspiration of this idea to the cause of China’s modernization from three levels: political,economic and cultural,taking into account the specific requirements of the 20 th National Congress to comprehensively build a socialist modern state and comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.