Research On Human Emancipation In Marx’s "the Jewish Question"

The Jewish nation is a nation that has experienced thousands of years of turbulence but can always maintain its religious beliefs and has strong cohesion.Since the 18 th century,there has been a wide discussion about whether Jews should have equal political rights and status.Based on Marx’s "The Jewish Question",on the basis of the research results of scholars at home and abroad,this paper attempts to carry out further research on the answers given by Marx on how to liberate the Jews and the investigation on the human question,which mainly includes the following four parts:"Introduction" combs the research status of domestic and foreign academic circles,and expounds the basis,significance and value of this paper.The first chapter clarifies the ideological background and theoretical origin of "The Jewish Question".First of all,it expounds the social historical background of Marx’s works from the aspects of the emergence and development of Jewish problems,the opposition between Judaism and Christianity,modern anti Semitism,the influence of enlightenment and rational thought on Jews in various countries,as well as the practical experience of Jews in Germany.Secondly,it expounds the origin of the thought and theory of "The Jewish Question",including Hegel,the influence of young Hegel on Marx represented by Feuerbach and Powell.The second chapter expounds how Marx formed his own understanding of human emancipation through criticizing Powell.First of all,it expounds Powell’s answer on how to liberate the Jews.He believes that only by giving up religious belief,can the Jews get real liberation.Secondly,it expounds Marx’s criticism on Powell’s confusion of political liberation and human liberation.Marx changed the "Jewish problem" from a purely theological problem to a social problem.He began with the civil society and made a comprehensive study of the "Jewish problem" to find a way to solve the "Jewish problem".Finally,it is concluded that only from the essential characteristics of civil society,namely the "Jewish spirit" of self-interest,can all people,including Jews,be truly liberated.The third chapter,from the overall study of "on the Jewish issue" in the development of Marx’s ideology.This article has research value and significance.It opened the debate between Marx and Powell on "Jewish issues".In this article,he not only criticizes Powell,but also criticizes the idealistic speculative philosophy represented by Hegel,making this article a landmark work of his departure from the young Hegelian school.In on the Jewish question,Marx changed from political criticism to civil society criticism,which opened a new direction of his philosophy revolution.What he mentioned in the article,such as religious liberation,political liberation and human emancipation,provided ideological and theoretical support for many later texts.Although his understanding of human is still abstract at this time,his viewpoint is still influenced by Feuerbach humanism to a certain extent,which does not really reach the materialist level,and there is no specific solution to how to realize human liberation.But in the later period,Marx gradually understood man from the historical and practical point of view,discussed man’s nature from the materialistic standpoint,and introduced the concept of proletariat,and proposed that only by eliminating private ownership and its mode of production,and completing the return of man’s nature,can man’s Liberation be realized.