A Study On The Development Of Core Color Meaning Of Gender Words In Modern Chinese Language Dictionaries

Based on the archaeological method of dictionaries,three dictionaries,the Mandarin Dictionary,the Modern Chinese Dictionary(1st edition)and the Modern Chinese Dictionary(7th edition),are selected as the typical corpus samples of the sources of gender words.Based on the diachronic comparison of different genealogical dictionaries,this paper takes gender words as the linguistic facts in dictionaries,such as the ending word and the text content,and observes the gender color of gender words,evaluates the characteristics of the development and evolution of color,and discusses its covariant relationship with social history.Because dictionaries are the reflection and integration of the social pragmatics of word meaning and color.Trudgill’s theory of "gender stereotypes" has shifted the study of language and gender from sex to gender.Enlighten us to explore the "social gender stereotyping" in Chinese.As a lexical aspect of language,gender words become a means to reveal the specific content of gender stereotyping in Chinese society.By examining the language facts such as gender words in dictionaries,this paper has reversed the construction of "social gender" in Chinese context,and has glimpsed the relatively fixed social expectations of people on gender roles--men and women in social culture,which are often closely related to gender evaluation.On the one hand,it is rooted in the genetic tendency of the collective subconscious mind,and manifests as the binary opposition of the typical personality temperament of men and women in the stable patriarchal culture.On the other hand,with the development of the age of science and technology and the progress of social civilization,relatively fixed social expectations and gender evaluation have quietly changed.This change can be seen through the development and evolution of the core color of gender words in modern Chinese dictionaries in the past hundred years.The thesis is mainly divided into six parts:The introduction part introduces the basis of the topic selection,further defines the research object,also introduces the typical corpus samples and research methods,and finally conducts a comprehensive research review,discusses the topic selection and research significance.The first chapter examines the dictionary of gender words.After determining the selection principle and scope of gender words,exhaustive statistics and quantitative and qualitative analysis are combined.It also explores the co-occurrence,elimination and addition of gender words in the three dictionaries in turn.In the semantic information distribution of cogendered words,we can preliminarily see the social gender construction in the dictionary:women use their appearance aesthetic value as gender representation;Men are represented by their abilities and qualities.In the hidden words with time and historical attributes,we observed six typical construction of female identity image in feudal patriarchal society,namely: wife,concubine(4th wife),maidservant,widow,talented girl and prostitute.Most of the hidden female words are gender evaluation based on the six female images.In contrast,men assume more social roles and identities.In the new gender words,we observe the changes of the social status of men and women,the degree of social participation of men and women,and the emotional understanding of men and women.The second chapter examines the development of gender color reflected in the interpretation of gender lexicon.The dominant/recessive coding methods and coding conditions of gender color were investigated in turn,and the most important thing was to investigate the change of gender color.Most of the gender color changes are related to the labeling of lexicographers,especially the gender color manifestation;A small part of the changes are with the change of language facts,mainly the disappearance of gender color,gender color alienation.The author finds that compared with the Mandarin Dictionary,the Modern Chinese Dictionary(1st edition)and the Modern Chinese Dictionary(7th edition)pay more attention to the gender attribute of gender words,and the gender color is gradually written into the interpretation.The third chapter further examines the development of evaluation color reflected in the interpretation of gender lexicon.Review the classification and coding of the evaluation color in the dictionary in turn,and the most important is to review the evaluation color change.The author found that the dictionary for the evaluation of color annotation has been updated development.For example,the annotation types of explicit evaluation color of gender words are newly added in dictionaries.The annotation types of explicit evaluation color of gender words in the Mandarin Dictionary are significantly less than those in Modern Chinese Dictionary(1st edition)and Modern Chinese Dictionary(7th edition).The evaluation of color changes can be roughly divided into two categories: evaluation of color ascension and evaluation of color degradation.In the dictionary,the negative evaluation color type and number are much more than the positive evaluation color,and the proportion is quite large.From the results of color change of gender words,the change of demotion is obviously more than that of exaltation.In the process of the rise and fall of the evaluation color of gender words,we also perceive the changes of the social evaluation of men and women.The author finds that the evolution of the core color of female words is much more than that of male words.Female words are more susceptible to the influence of social and historical changes and thus have the sememe evolution.This is because the degree of cognitive change in social perspective for women is much higher than that for men.Chapter four explores the covariant relationship between the core color evolution of gender words and social history.Explore how the evolution of linguistic facts in dictionaries or contexts is influenced by social and historical changes,gender and cultural changes,etc.For example,the derogation of subordinate masculinity from the social perspective often leads to the degradation of the color of male words.The negative evaluation color of words such as "effeminate" and "little white face" in dictionaries and contexts is because the social perspective regards them as humiliating symbols to disparage subordinate masculinity.For another example,the dilution of social discrimination against female groups causes the color of insulting words to rise(" wench ","mistress")or disappear(" bitch ","money-losing goods").The rest of the thesis analyzes the conclusion of dictionary archaeology from three perspectives(dictionary history,vocabulary history and gender culture history).And further explore the future research space of applying evaluation theory to gender neologisms.