| "Zai+Location" structure is a common structure in modern Chinese,at the same time,the types of errors is also Chinese language learners,so the analysis of the "Zai+Location" structure and its application in the international Chinese teaching is worth further study.In the main part of this paper,the investigation and interaction of structural components of "Zai+Location" are firstly sorted out.By combing the prepositions "Zai",location-word and location-word,we can find three main characteristics: the prototype sense of the preposition "Zai" is the space sense,while the non-prototype sense of "Zai" represents the scope,subject and time sense;The image schema of the location word "Shang" has three types: above the plane,on the side of the plane and below the plane.The image schema of the location word "Li" has five types: placed at the bottom of the container,placed on the side of the container,placed on the top of the container,not in contact with the container,and completely in contact with the container.By analyzing the interaction between component and structure,it is found that there is a restriction relation between the regular term "Li",the location word and structure and other components,which is manifested in the looming relation.Then it describes the characteristics and constraints of the structure from the syntactic,semantic,pragmatic and cognitive perspectives.The syntactic features of the structure of "Zai+Location" are that the structure of "Zai+Location" located at the beginning of the sentence and before the verb is used as adverbial in the sentence,and the structure of "Zai+Location" located after the verb is used as complement in the sentence.Semantically,the "Zai+Location" structure located at the beginning of the sentence represents the place where the event occurs,the "Zai+Location" structure located before the verb represents the place where the action occurs or the state appears,and the "Zai+Location" structure located after the verb represents the place where the movement arrives or the state appears.The feature of discourse is that the three positions all have cohesive functions.The structure of "Zai+Location" located at the beginning of the sentence has background function,the structure of "Zai+Location" located before the verb has background function and reference function,and the structure of "Zai+Location" located after the verb has focus function.Cognitive characteristics: the "Zai+Location" structure located at the beginning of the sentence and before the verb is the container schema,while the "Zai+Location" structure located after the verb is the path schema.The syntactic factors that affect the structure position of "Zai+Location" include verb structure and special sentence pattern;Semantic factors include subject’s semantic orientation and structure’s semantic orientation;Discourse factors include the need of discourse coherence and the need of reference function.Cognitive factors have a chronological principle.Thirdly,through the investigation of "Zai+Location" structure and location words in the textbooks of "Chinese Course" and "Developing Chinese",it is found that there are some problems in the distribution of grammar points,the explanation of example sentences,the way of practice,and the recurrence rate.It is proposed that we should pay attention to the meaning of "Zai+Location" structure,strengthen the comparative analysis of "Zai+Location" structure,and refer to the characteristics of students’ errors.By searching the situation of students learning the structure of "Zai+Location" in the corpus,it is found that there are some problems such as omission,misaddition,missubstitution and wrong order when students use the structure of "Zai+Location".It is proposed to make full use of contrast teaching method,explain the condition of the preposition "Zai" and strengthen the explanation of the location word. |
